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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01YDRjtmAiNpo5mK5N3d7QwZ
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2026-10-11 16:08:12 +02:00
co-authored by Claude Opus 5.5
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{
"title": "Museum"
}
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title: Museum
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{
"title": "APPLE II",
"categories": [
"Computers"
],
"types": [
"Home Computer"
],
"origins": [
"U.S.A."
],
"years": [
"1977"
],
"cpus": [
"MOS 6502"
],
"params": {
"name": "APPLE II",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/apple_ii.jpg",
"company": "/companies/apple",
"company_name": "Apple",
"specs": [
[
"NAME",
"APPLE II"
],
[
"MANUFACTURER",
"Apple"
],
[
"TYPE",
"Home Computer"
],
[
"ORIGIN",
"U.S.A."
],
[
"YEAR",
"April 1977"
],
[
"END OF PRODUCTION",
"1980"
],
[
"BUILT IN LANGUAGE",
"Integer Basic"
],
[
"KEYBOARD",
"Full-stroke keyboard - only supports uppercase letters"
],
[
"CPU",
"MOS 6502"
],
[
"SPEED",
"1 MHz"
],
[
"RAM",
"4 KB (64 KB max.)"
],
[
"ROM",
"12 KB (Monitor + Integer Basic + 'sweet 16' mini-assembler )"
],
[
"TEXT MODES",
"40 x 24 / 80 x 24 (with 80 columns card)"
],
[
"GRAPHIC MODES",
"40 x 40-48 (16 colors), 280 x 192 (4 and later 6 colors)"
],
[
"COLORS",
"16"
],
[
"SOUND",
"one channel"
],
[
"SIZE / WEIGHT",
"Unknown"
],
[
"I/O PORTS",
"Video out (composite), 8 expansion slots, Tape recorder, Paddles"
],
[
"POWER SUPPLY",
"Built-in PSU"
],
[
"PRICE",
"$1298 (1978, USA)"
]
],
"tabs": [
"photos",
"adverts",
"hardware",
"connectors",
"software",
"emulators",
"links",
"docs",
"videos",
"comments"
],
"photos": [
{
"title": "INSIDE AN APPLE II",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/apple_apple2_inside_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "APPLE II REAR",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/apple_apple2_rear_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "ITT SOLD APPLE II COMPUTERS UNDER ITS BRAND",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/itt_appl.jpg"
}
],
"adverts": [
{
"title": "ADVERT",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "<p>Picture courtesy of <a href=\"http://www.sbrowning.com/vintage\">Steve Browning, www.sbrowning.com/vintage</a>.</p>",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/apple_advert_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "U.S. ADVERT #1 (1977)",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "The first Apple II advert.<br/><br/> Advert said:<br/><br/> Clear the kitchen table. Bring in the color TV. Plug in your new Apple ll and connect any standard cassette recorder / player. Now, you're ready for an evening of discovery in the new world of personal computers.<br/> Only Apple ll makes it that easy. At $1298, it includes video graphics in 15 colors, 8KB ROM and 4KB RAM... It's the first personal computer with a fast version of BASIC permanently stored in ROM...<br/><br/> Apple ll is also available in board-only form to the do-it-yourself hobbyist. Has all of the features of the Apple ll system but does not include case, keyboard, power supply or game paddles. $598",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_advertd_3.jpg"
},
{
"title": "U.S. ADVERT #2 (1979)",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "Advert said:<br/><br/> What in the name of Adam do people do with Apple computers?<br/> You tell us.<br/> In a thousand of words or less.<br/> If your story is original and intriguing enough, you can win a one-week trip to Hawaii. Which is the closest we could come to paradise.<br/><br/> Unfortunately, the contest ended March 31, 1980...",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_advert_3.jpg"
},
{
"title": "U.S. ADVERT #3 (1979)",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "From Playboy December 1979. <p>Thanks to <b>Peathead</b></p>",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_advert_s1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "U.S. ADVERT #4(1980)",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "The users featured in the ad said:<br/><br/> (left) <i>Programming is a snap! I'm halfway through Apple's BASIC manual and already I've programmed my own Star Wars game.</i><br/><br/> ...with half of the universe<br/><br/> (middle) <i>Those math programs I wrote last week - I just rewrote them using Apple's mini assembler and got them to run a hundred time faster.</i><br/><br/> Of course, it's very easy for a newbie programmer to program maths assembly routines with a microprocessor which only knows how to add and subtract integer values.<br/><br/> (right)<i>Apple's smart peripherals make expansion easy. Just plug'em it and you are ready to run. I've already added two disks, a printer and a communication card.</i>",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_advertd_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "U.S. ADVERT #5 (1980)",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "Advert said:<br/><br/> If you could talk to Thomas Edison, he'd tell you what it was like to turn the light on in 1879. You could tell him about some bright idea of the 20th century... particularly, a technological phenomenon that can handle everything from solar heat control to lighting you home via voice command. The Apple personal computer...<br/> ... With Apple, Edison could've written a program to determine why some filaments burned longer than others...",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_advertd_2.jpg"
},
{
"title": "APPLE LOGO (1982)",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "Apple Logo was a very successful implementation of Logo. It contained some advanced features such as property list and packages, as well as extremely good documentation.<br/><br/> At the time, Apple thought the Logo language would encourage schools to invest heavily in personal computers for all the class levels.<br/> Sadly, Logo never became the revolutionary language that they had hoped for and very few schools taught it to their pupils (except in France).",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_logolanguage_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "APPLE BUSINESS GRAPHICS",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "The Apple graphics package was launched in September 1982. It was available for both the Apple II and Apple III.<br/><br/> Advert said:<br/><br/> As you know, one picture is worth a few thousand numbers.<br/> As you may not know, Apple Business Graphics software can generate more types of pictures, in more colours, using more data than any other graphics package... On the monitor of your choice. And on virtually any printer or plotter on the market...",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_businessgraph_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "APPLE ACCESSORIES",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "Advert said:<br/><br/> There are more people in more places making more accessories and peripherals for Apples than for any other personal computer in the world.<br/> Thanks to those people - in hundreds of independant companies - who can make the humblest 1978 Apple II turn tricks that are still on IBM's Wish List for 1984.<br/> But now we're coming out with our very own line of peripherals and accessories for Apple personal computers... <br/><br/> The dual language of Apple: In the same advert, Apple thanks the companies manufacturing Apple compatible peripherals and asks its customers to buy only Apple peripherals in the future....",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_advertd_4.jpg"
},
{
"title": "SOFTCARD COPY",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "An advert for one of the numerous copies of the Microsoft SotfCard. Initially, they were manufactured in the United States then in Asia.",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_softcardcopy_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "NEW ZEALAND AD. (1980)",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "Nice advert, but nothing seems right in the picture...<p>Thanks to <b>Murray Muffat</b> from New Zeland</p>",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_advertd_s5.jpg"
},
{
"title": "FRENCH ADVERT (JAN. 1980)",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "\"The personal computer of Mr sales manager\"",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/apple_advert_directeur-des-ventes_1.jpg"
}
],
"hardware": [
{
"title": "WORKSTATION CARD",
"subtitle": "Appletalk card",
"text": "This card is used to connect an Apple IIe to a localtalk network.",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_ii_card_appletalk.jpg"
},
{
"title": "Z80 SOFTCARD ADVERT",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "The Z80 Softcard made the Apple II fully compatible with the CP/M operating system and allowed it to run the largest library of professional software of the time, including the Microsoft programming languages, among them the BASIC 5.0 interpreter.",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_ii_softcard_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "Z80 SOFTCARD",
"subtitle": "Full package",
"text": "The card was designed by Burtronix of Orange, California. <p>Thanks to <b>Steve Perry</b></p>",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_ii_softcard_s1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "MICROSOFT RAMCARD ADVERT (1982)",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "Together with the Softcard, the Ramcard turned the Apple II into a 56 KB CP/M system.",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_ii_ramcard_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "DISK II FIRST MANUAL",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "This is the very first version of the Disk II manual, front cover and first page, dated September 1978",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_ii_disk2manual_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "JOYSTICKS",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "Two Apple joysticks for IIe and IIc versions, and a clone version with a fire button made by CH Products, San Marco, California.",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_ii_joystick_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "ANALOG HANDCONTROLLERS",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_2e_handcontr_2.jpg"
},
{
"title": "HAND CONTROLLERS",
"subtitle": "Box",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_hand-controllers_box.jpg"
},
{
"title": "JOY STICK",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple2_joy_stick.jpg"
},
{
"title": "GRAPHIC TABLET",
"subtitle": "& its card",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_apple2_graphic-tablet.jpg"
},
{
"title": "KEYPAD",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_apple2_keypad.jpg"
},
{
"title": "DYNATYPER",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "Here is the sale brochure of the Dynatyper, a strange and obscure printing device launched in 1980:<br/><br/> Dynatyper is a new typewriter interface system designed to generate hard copy directly from computer output through any electric typewriter. It exploits the high quality and use of full upper and lower case characters of your electric typewriter. Users of small computer systems can now expand those systems into applications demanding high quality text, such as word processing.<br/><br/> Consisting of an array of coils positioned in the same pattern as the typewriter's keyboard. These coils are wired into an electrical decoding matrix. Designed to operate on voltage available from standard computers, the Dynatyper is easily installed without modification to your typewriter. Adjustments for different key heights are easy.<br/><br/> Rochester Data provides interfaces and software for the <b>TRS-80 Level 1 &amp; 2</b>, the <b>Apple II</b> and also a 6 bit <b>parallel interface</b> for general operation with other computers. The same interface board can be modified by jumper selection to eperate in any of the above modes... <p>Thanks to <b>Bob Leedom</b> for information and pictures</p>",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_ii+_dinatyper_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "ECHO SPEECH PROCESSOR II",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_appleii_echoii_board.jpg"
},
{
"title": "ROLAND CMU-500 INTERFACE",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "This item, a Roland Compumusic CMU-500 Apple II Interface, was used to connect musical instruments to the Apple II series of computers !",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_apple2_roland-cmu500_interface.jpg"
},
{
"title": "ECHO II",
"subtitle": "speech/music/sound synthesizer",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_apple2_echo2-speech-synth_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "ACOUSTIC COUPLER",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_apple2_acoustic-coupler_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "EARLY APPLE PRINTER",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/hardware/apple_apple2_printer1.jpg"
}
],
"connectors": [
{
"title": "APPLE II SLOT DESIGN",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "To note:<br/> <b>NMI</b> = Non Maskeable Interrupt<br/> <b>INT IN</b> and <b>INT OUT</b> are for daisy chaining of interrupt controllers<br/> <b>DMA IN</b> and <b>DMA OUT</b> and <b>DMA</b> all concern Direct Memory Access<br/> <b>7M</b> is a 7MHz clock signal<br/> <b>Q3</b> is a 2MHz clock<br/> The 7MHz clock provides a 3.5MHz colour reference signal for video.",
"image": "/media/museum/connectors/apple_ii_slotdesign_1.jpg"
}
],
"screenshots": [
{
"title": "APPLE PANIC",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/software/apple_appleii_applepanic_ss.gif"
},
{
"title": "AZTEC",
"subtitle": "Title screen",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/software/apple_appleii_aztec_ss.gif"
},
{
"title": "DRAGON FIRE",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/software/apple_appleii_dragonfire_ss.gif"
},
{
"title": "DRAGON FIRE",
"subtitle": "2nd screen",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/software/apple_appleii_dragonfire_ss2.gif"
},
{
"title": "DROL",
"subtitle": "Excellent game !",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/software/apple_appleii_drol_ss.gif"
},
{
"title": "KARATEKA",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/software/apple_appleii_karateka_ss.gif"
},
{
"title": "LODE RUNNER",
"subtitle": "A great classic",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/software/apple_appleii_loderunner_ss.gif"
},
{
"title": "MARBLE MADNESS",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/software/apple_appleii_marblemadness_ss.gif"
},
{
"title": "MINER 2049ER",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/software/apple_appleii_miner2049er_ss.gif"
},
{
"title": "MONTEZUMA REVENGE",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/software/apple_appleii_montezuma-revenge_ss.gif"
},
{
"title": "STAR LEAGUE BASEBALL",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/software/apple_appleii_star-league-baseball_ss.gif"
},
{
"title": "APPLESOFT COMPILER",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "Also called TASC or AppleSoft Version 3, the AppleSoft Basic Compiler could make use of extended memory on 128K versions",
"image": "/media/museum/software/apple_ii+_applesoftcompiler_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "FLIGHT SIMULATOR",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "In January 1983, this Flight Simulator version was in competition with the first Microsoft version which had just been launched.",
"image": "/media/museum/software/apple_ii_flightsim_1.jpg"
}
],
"emulators": [
{
"title": "Apple Oasis",
"url": "http://www.geocities.com/APL24WIN/index.html",
"platform": "Windows",
"text": "Emulates Apple IIe system including hard disk, clock, CP/M card, etc."
},
{
"title": "AppleWin",
"url": "http://applewin.berlios.de/",
"platform": "Windows",
"text": "A great apple 2+ and apple 2e emulator for windows"
},
{
"title": "Bernie ][ the rescue",
"url": "http://www.bernie.gs/Bernie/",
"platform": "Apple",
"text": "(Available for BeOS too)"
},
{
"title": "Catakig",
"url": "http://www.radix.net/~cklipsch/ctkgdoc/",
"platform": "Apple",
"text": ""
},
{
"title": "YAE, Yet another Apple ][ Emulator",
"url": "http://quark.netfront.net:6502/",
"platform": "Unix / Linux",
"text": ""
},
{
"title": "The Official ShapeShifter Home Page",
"url": "http://www.uni-mainz.de/~bauec002/SSMain.html",
"platform": "Amiga OS",
"text": ""
},
{
"title": "PalmApple",
"url": "http://palmapple.sourceforge.net/",
"platform": "Other platform",
"text": "PalmApple is an open source Apple //e emulator for PalmOS PDAs"
},
{
"title": "Virtual Apple",
"url": "http://www.virtualapple.com/",
"platform": "Other platform",
"text": "This web site uses an ActiveX application and Apple IIgs emulator to automatically download and play most Apple 2 disk images online!"
},
{
"title": "Dapple",
"url": "http://sourceforge.net/projects/dapple/",
"platform": "Multiplatform",
"text": "Apple II (II+, IIe) emulator for DOS and Unix with C source code"
}
],
"links": [
{
"title": "A2-Web!",
"url": "http://www.wbwip.com/a2web/",
"text": ""
},
{
"title": "Apple ][ Emulator Resources Guide",
"url": "http://www.cs.ruu.nl/wais/html/na-dir/apple2/emulators-faq/part1.html",
"text": ""
},
{
"title": "Apple II - Apple II gs",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/home.htm",
"text": "A lot of documentations here !"
},
{
"title": "Apple II History",
"url": "http://apple2history.org/",
"text": "A detailed history of the Apple II computer, from start to finish, interspersed with history of Apple Computer, Inc., from the point of view of the Apple II user. Includes pictures."
},
{
"title": "Apple II Q&A",
"url": "HTTP://WWW.MYSPACE.COM/135780133",
"text": "Please Ask the Expeirenced Apple II User!"
},
{
"title": "Apple2.org",
"url": "http://www.apple2.org/",
"text": "Over 1000 pictures of Apple II and other related hardware, articles, the Apple ][ FAQ, Transwarp and Zip GS accelerator upgrade mods, 3.5\" drive rebuilding, and lots more."
},
{
"title": "Applefritter",
"url": "http://www.applefritter.com/",
"text": "Excellent site about all Apple models,clones,prototypes,etc... A must see !"
},
{
"title": "APPLE-HISTORY.COM",
"url": "http://www.apple-history.com/",
"text": "Wonderful site with plenty of information !"
},
{
"title": "Caltech Apple II archive",
"url": "http://apple2.tffenterprises.com/apple2/",
"text": ""
},
{
"title": "Forever 1970..80..90",
"url": "http://perso.wanadoo.fr/fabrice.montupet/",
"text": "Very complete information for each model"
},
{
"title": "Iowa universiry Apple II archive",
"url": "http://ground.icaen.uiowa.edu/apple2/",
"text": ""
},
{
"title": "www.apple2clones.com",
"url": "http://www.apple2clones.com/",
"text": "The URL says it all. Very interesting site"
},
{
"title": "Web Wiz CAPTCHA",
"url": "http://www.webwizcaptcha.com",
"text": "All about Apple II user groups"
}
],
"docs": [
{
"title": "APPLE II REFERENCE MANUAL (JANUARY 1978)",
"url": null,
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple88_reference-manual-jan-1978_cover.jpg",
"text": "<b>APPLE II REFERENCE MANUAL (JANUARY 1978)</b><br/>written by Apple<br/><br/> type of document : PDF<br/> size : 6 MB<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docii.htm\">www.apple-iigs.info</a><br/><br/><b>... READ THE ONLINE VERSION BY CLICKING BELOW :</b>"
},
{
"title": "APPLE II - REFERENCE MANUAL",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docii.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple-2_reference-manual.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docii.htm\"><b>APPLE II - REFERENCE MANUAL</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "GUIDE DE L'APPLE - TOME 1 - L'APPLE STANDARD",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docii.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple_guide-de-l-apple.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docii.htm\"><b>GUIDE DE L'APPLE - TOME 1 - L'APPLE STANDARD</b><br/></a>written by Benoit de Merly / Edimicro<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "MANUEL DE L'UTILISATEUR APPLE II",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docii.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple_manuel-utilisateur-de-l-apple-2.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docii.htm\"><b>MANUEL DE L'UTILISATEUR APPLE II</b><br/></a>written by Lon Poole - Martin McNiff - Steven Cook<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "MONITOR II USER'S MANUAL",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docprog.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_monitor-ii-user-manual.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docprog.htm\"><b>MONITOR II USER'S MANUAL</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "A TOUCH OF APPLESOFT BASIC",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docprog.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_a-touch-of-applesoft-basic.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docprog.htm\"><b>A TOUCH OF APPLESOFT BASIC</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "LE MANUEL DOS 3.3 (FRENCH)",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_manuel-dos-3-3.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm\"><b>LE MANUEL DOS 3.3 (FRENCH)</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "BENEATH APPLE DOS",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_beneath-apple-dos.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm\"><b>BENEATH APPLE DOS</b><br/></a>written by Don Worth &amp; Pieter Lechner<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "BENEATH APPLE PRO DOS",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_beneath-apple-prodos.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm\"><b>BENEATH APPLE PRO DOS</b><br/></a>written by Don Worth &amp; Pieter Lechner<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "PRODOS USER'S MANUAL",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_prodos-user-manual.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm\"><b>PRODOS USER'S MANUAL</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "PRODOS SUPPLEMENT TO THE APPLE IIE OWNER'S MANUAL",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_prodos-supplement.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm\"><b>PRODOS SUPPLEMENT TO THE APPLE IIE OWNER'S MANUAL</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "APPLE 5.25 DRIVE - OWNER'S GUIDE",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_5-25-disk-drive_owners-manual.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm\"><b>APPLE 5.25 DRIVE - OWNER'S GUIDE</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "APPLE 3.5 DRIVE - OWNER'S GUIDE",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_3-5-disk-drive_owners-manual.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm\"><b>APPLE 3.5 DRIVE - OWNER'S GUIDE</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "APPLE 3.5 DRIVE CONTROLLER CARD - OWNER'S GUIDE",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_controller-card.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm\"><b>APPLE 3.5 DRIVE CONTROLLER CARD - OWNER'S GUIDE</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "APPLE II SUPER SERIAL CARD - INSTALLATION AND OPERATING MANUAL",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_super-serial-card.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm\"><b>APPLE II SUPER SERIAL CARD - INSTALLATION AND OPERATING MANUAL</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "APPLE II PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE CARD - INSTALLATION AND OPERATING MANUAL",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_parallel-printer-interface.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm\"><b>APPLE II PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE CARD - INSTALLATION AND OPERATING MANUAL</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "APPLE II 80-COLUMN TEXT CARD MANUAL",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_80c-text-card.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm\"><b>APPLE II 80-COLUMN TEXT CARD MANUAL</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "APPLE II 80-COLUMN TEXT CARD MANUAL SUPPLEMENT",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_80c-text-card_supplement.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm\"><b>APPLE II 80-COLUMN TEXT CARD MANUAL SUPPLEMENT</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "Z80 PLUS CARD - USER MANUAL",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_z80-plus.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm\"><b>Z80 PLUS CARD - USER MANUAL</b><br/></a>written by Applied Engineering<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "APPLE JOYSTICK IIE AND IIC - USER'S INSTRUCTIONS",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_joystick_users_manual.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm\"><b>APPLE JOYSTICK IIE AND IIC - USER'S INSTRUCTIONS</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
},
{
"title": "APPLE II - APPLECOLOR RGB MONITOR OWNER'S GUIDE",
"url": "http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm",
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_rgb-monitor.jpg",
"text": "<a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm\"><b>APPLE II - APPLECOLOR RGB MONITOR OWNER'S GUIDE</b><br/></a>written by Apple<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard<br/> type of document : PDF<br/> source : <a href=\"http://www.apple-iigs.info/\">Apple II / Apple IIgs website</a>"
}
],
"videos": [
{
"title": "Apple II videoclip",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SoWRCy21pY",
"text": "Length: 3 min 03 s"
}
],
"comments": [
{
"author": "Jay (Washington State USA)",
"date": "Tuesday 22nd September 2020",
"text": "I am looking for one of these at a cheap price, I will pay up to 100$ including shipping if I have to pay for it<br/>Email is jaya.buckwheat@gmail.com"
},
{
"author": "James Doocey (Ireland)",
"date": "Monday 20th April 2020",
"text": "I did see an original 1977 Apple II computer at a museum running integer basic and I must admit integer basic whilst limited is a good programming language for the time"
},
{
"author": "James Doocey (Ireland)",
"date": "Monday 20th April 2020",
"text": "I did see an original 1977 Apple II computer at a museum running integer basic and I must admit integer basic whilst limited is a good programming language for the time"
},
{
"author": "James Doocey (Ireland)",
"date": "Monday 20th April 2020",
"text": "I did see an original 1977 Apple II computer at a museum running integer basic and I must admit integer basic whilst limited is a good programming language for the time"
},
{
"author": "Régis Schmidt (France)",
"date": "Saturday 20th August 2016",
"text": "At the end of the 80''s, I designed a device called \"TAO\" with a 6502 assembler"
},
{
"author": "infinite100",
"date": "Friday 15th August 2014",
"text": "Wozniak used the last bit in the video processor register to enable colour. Normally you would have needed at least 16kb to get four colours, the Apple would do it with just 4kb.<br/><br/>Unfortuneately, this meant that everything was based on multiples of 7 rather than 8, making it an absolute pig to program and very difficult to connect to the internet."
},
{
"author": "Nate (Ohio, US)",
"date": "Monday 6th February 2012",
"text": "My Chemistry teacher STILL uses it to simulate the effects of acids and bases."
},
{
"author": "Ted (Canada)",
"date": "Friday 19th August 2011",
"text": "My neighbor authored a sound program for this machine that played \"Oh Canada\" with amazing clarity! I played it in class in high school ( 1980), and my teacher and class were in awe. Somewhere along the way, my Apple II+ failed, ruined the program and prevented me from getting a printout. My neighbor sold his machine over 20 years ago."
},
{
"author": "jayessell (USA)",
"date": "Friday 31st December 2010",
"text": "I had s/n000105.<br/>1977.<br/>I did computer animation in 1980s!<br/>See my YouTube and Flickr vids $ pics.<br/>Same user name: jsl151850b<br/>Also... In my Flickr pics.... The simulated leather Apple $$ bag!<br/>Yes... The Apple $$ was a LUGGABLE pc!"
},
{
"author": "wally (Ohio, US)",
"date": "Wednesday 8th September 2010",
"text": "When I was in high school, I had my dad for chemistry. He used to use the Apple II in conjunction with his spectrometer for his Chemistry II classes that he taught."
},
{
"author": "Erik (Australia)",
"date": "Saturday 24th April 2010",
"text": "The high school I go to had one of these when I was in 8th grade, until the motherboard went bad, and I was given it for free. Basically, I took it for parts. Also, the Apple II didn''t have a floppy disk drive until 1977, and before that was the 10 or 20 minute loading times off cassette tape. It was a nightmare because the tapes wouldn''t load when the volume and tone controls weren''t set right. It took 10 or 20 times for it to work properly. With the floppy disk, all of that went away, and loading times went down to 20-30 seconds."
},
{
"author": "PoopskinTheLiar (Onett)",
"date": "Friday 9th January 2009",
"text": "You seem to be forgetting the Apple-1, Link."
},
{
"author": "Henry (USA)",
"date": "Thursday 7th December 2006",
"text": "Hey I have a MySpace Check it out!"
},
{
"author": "Link (Hyrule)",
"date": "Friday 8th April 2005",
"text": "The First PC. The 'microcomputers' that came before it had toggle switches and blinking lights instead of keyboards; the PET and TRS-80 that were its contemporaries were neither as expandable, nor as successful."
}
],
"oc_id": 68,
"source": {
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230605123814/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=68",
"date": "2023-06-05"
}
}
}
<p> Apple II was the successor to the Apple 1 on which it was largely based. It was the very first commercial success of the Apple Computer Company. <br/><br/> Because Steve Wozniak wanted to demonstrate his Breakout game with the new Apple II, he decided to add colour, sound and minimum paddle support to the Apple 1's heir. <br/><br/> The Apple II came with 4 KB RAM, but it was possible to add 4 KB or 16 KB RAM chips. Thus, the system could have memory in the following sizes: 4K, 8K, 12K,16K, 20K, 24K, 32K, 36K, or a full 48K. This was one of the strong points of the Apple II: from the beginning, it was designed with expansion in mind. The 8 expansion slots were further proof of that - users could expand their system easily, just by plugging cards into the slots. <br/><br/> The ROM included the monitor, a 6502 disassembler, 'Sweet 16' a 16-bit CPU emulator and the Integer Basic written by Wozniak in machine language, assembled by hand on paper! Not having to load a language from tape or disk to start programing was also a significant advantage over competitors. Even the innovative plastic case proved to be an important feature to attract customers. <br/><br/> Just a few months after the Apple II presentation at the First West Coast Computer Fair in April 1977, Apple received about three hundred orders for the Apple II, over a hundred more than the total number of Apple-1's sold. <br/><br/> The Apple II was followed in 1979 by the Apple II+, which brought some enhancements. <br/><br/> </p>
content/museum/apple-ii.md
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---
title: APPLE II
categories:
- Computers
types:
- Home Computer
origins:
- U.S.A.
years:
- '1977'
cpus:
- MOS 6502
params:
name: APPLE II
image: /media/museum/photos/apple_ii.jpg
company: /companies/apple
company_name: Apple
specs:
- label: NAME
value: APPLE II
- label: MANUFACTURER
value: Apple
- label: TYPE
value: Home Computer
- label: ORIGIN
value: U.S.A.
- label: YEAR
value: April 1977
- label: END OF PRODUCTION
value: '1980'
- label: BUILT IN LANGUAGE
value: Integer Basic
- label: KEYBOARD
value: Full-stroke keyboard - only supports uppercase letters
- label: CPU
value: MOS 6502
- label: SPEED
value: 1 MHz
- label: RAM
value: 4 KB (64 KB max.)
- label: ROM
value: 12 KB (Monitor + Integer Basic + 'sweet 16' mini-assembler )
- label: TEXT MODES
value: 40 x 24 / 80 x 24 (with 80 columns card)
- label: GRAPHIC MODES
value: 40 x 40-48 (16 colors), 280 x 192 (4 and later 6 colors)
- label: COLORS
value: '16'
- label: SOUND
value: one channel
- label: SIZE / WEIGHT
value: Unknown
- label: I/O PORTS
value: Video out (composite), 8 expansion slots, Tape recorder, Paddles
- label: POWER SUPPLY
value: Built-in PSU
- label: PRICE
value: $1298 (1978, USA)
tabs:
- photos
- adverts
- hardware
- connectors
- software
- emulators
- links
- docs
- videos
- comments
photos:
- title: INSIDE AN APPLE II
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/apple_apple2_inside_1.jpg
- title: APPLE II REAR
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/apple_apple2_rear_1.jpg
- title: ITT SOLD APPLE II COMPUTERS UNDER ITS BRAND
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/itt_appl.jpg
adverts:
- title: ADVERT
subtitle: ''
text: Picture courtesy of [Steve Browning, www.sbrowning.com/vintage](http://www.sbrowning.com/vintage).
image: /media/museum/adverts/apple_advert_1.jpg
- title: 'U.S. ADVERT #1 (1977)'
subtitle: ''
text: |-
The first Apple II advert.
Advert said:
Clear the kitchen table. Bring in the color TV. Plug in your new Apple ll and connect any standard cassette recorder / player. Now, you're ready for an evening of discovery in the new world of personal computers.\
Only Apple ll makes it that easy. At $1298, it includes video graphics in 15 colors, 8KB ROM and 4KB RAM... It's the first personal computer with a fast version of BASIC permanently stored in ROM...
Apple ll is also available in board-only form to the do-it-yourself hobbyist. Has all of the features of the Apple ll system but does not include case, keyboard, power supply or game paddles. $598
image: /media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_advertd_3.jpg
- title: 'U.S. ADVERT #2 (1979)'
subtitle: ''
text: |-
Advert said:
What in the name of Adam do people do with Apple computers?\
You tell us.\
In a thousand of words or less.\
If your story is original and intriguing enough, you can win a one-week trip to Hawaii. Which is the closest we could come to paradise.
Unfortunately, the contest ended March 31, 1980...
image: /media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_advert_3.jpg
- title: 'U.S. ADVERT #3 (1979)'
subtitle: ''
text: |-
From Playboy December 1979.
Thanks to **Peathead**
image: /media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_advert_s1.jpg
- title: 'U.S. ADVERT #4(1980)'
subtitle: ''
text: |-
The users featured in the ad said:
(left) *Programming is a snap! I'm halfway through Apple's BASIC manual and already I've programmed my own Star Wars game.*
...with half of the universe
(middle) *Those math programs I wrote last week - I just rewrote them using Apple's mini assembler and got them to run a hundred time faster.*
Of course, it's very easy for a newbie programmer to program maths assembly routines with a microprocessor which only knows how to add and subtract integer values.
(right)*Apple's smart peripherals make expansion easy. Just plug'em it and you are ready to run. I've already added two disks, a printer and a communication card.*
image: /media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_advertd_1.jpg
- title: 'U.S. ADVERT #5 (1980)'
subtitle: ''
text: |-
Advert said:
If you could talk to Thomas Edison, he'd tell you what it was like to turn the light on in 1879. You could tell him about some bright idea of the 20th century... particularly, a technological phenomenon that can handle everything from solar heat control to lighting you home via voice command. The Apple personal computer...\
... With Apple, Edison could've written a program to determine why some filaments burned longer than others...
image: /media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_advertd_2.jpg
- title: APPLE LOGO (1982)
subtitle: ''
text: |-
Apple Logo was a very successful implementation of Logo. It contained some advanced features such as property list and packages, as well as extremely good documentation.
At the time, Apple thought the Logo language would encourage schools to invest heavily in personal computers for all the class levels.\
Sadly, Logo never became the revolutionary language that they had hoped for and very few schools taught it to their pupils (except in France).
image: /media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_logolanguage_1.jpg
- title: APPLE BUSINESS GRAPHICS
subtitle: ''
text: |-
The Apple graphics package was launched in September 1982. It was available for both the Apple II and Apple III.
Advert said:
As you know, one picture is worth a few thousand numbers.\
As you may not know, Apple Business Graphics software can generate more types of pictures, in more colours, using more data than any other graphics package... On the monitor of your choice. And on virtually any printer or plotter on the market...
image: /media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_businessgraph_1.jpg
- title: APPLE ACCESSORIES
subtitle: ''
text: |-
Advert said:
There are more people in more places making more accessories and peripherals for Apples than for any other personal computer in the world.\
Thanks to those people - in hundreds of independant companies - who can make the humblest 1978 Apple II turn tricks that are still on IBM's Wish List for 1984.\
But now we're coming out with our very own line of peripherals and accessories for Apple personal computers...
The dual language of Apple: In the same advert, Apple thanks the companies manufacturing Apple compatible peripherals and asks its customers to buy only Apple peripherals in the future....
image: /media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_advertd_4.jpg
- title: SOFTCARD COPY
subtitle: ''
text: An advert for one of the numerous copies of the Microsoft SotfCard. Initially, they were manufactured in the United States then in Asia.
image: /media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_softcardcopy_1.jpg
- title: NEW ZEALAND AD. (1980)
subtitle: ''
text: |-
Nice advert, but nothing seems right in the picture...
Thanks to **Murray Muffat** from New Zeland
image: /media/museum/adverts/apple_ii_advertd_s5.jpg
- title: FRENCH ADVERT (JAN. 1980)
subtitle: ''
text: '"The personal computer of Mr sales manager"'
image: /media/museum/adverts/apple_advert_directeur-des-ventes_1.jpg
hardware:
- title: WORKSTATION CARD
subtitle: Appletalk card
text: This card is used to connect an Apple IIe to a localtalk network.
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_ii_card_appletalk.jpg
- title: Z80 SOFTCARD ADVERT
subtitle: ''
text: The Z80 Softcard made the Apple II fully compatible with the CP/M operating system and allowed it to run the largest library of professional software of the time, including the Microsoft programming languages, among them the BASIC 5.0 interpreter.
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_ii_softcard_1.jpg
- title: Z80 SOFTCARD
subtitle: Full package
text: |-
The card was designed by Burtronix of Orange, California.
Thanks to **Steve Perry**
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_ii_softcard_s1.jpg
- title: MICROSOFT RAMCARD ADVERT (1982)
subtitle: ''
text: Together with the Softcard, the Ramcard turned the Apple II into a 56 KB CP/M system.
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_ii_ramcard_1.jpg
- title: DISK II FIRST MANUAL
subtitle: ''
text: This is the very first version of the Disk II manual, front cover and first page, dated September 1978
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_ii_disk2manual_1.jpg
- title: JOYSTICKS
subtitle: ''
text: Two Apple joysticks for IIe and IIc versions, and a clone version with a fire button made by CH Products, San Marco, California.
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_ii_joystick_1.jpg
- title: ANALOG HANDCONTROLLERS
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_2e_handcontr_2.jpg
- title: HAND CONTROLLERS
subtitle: Box
text: ''
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_hand-controllers_box.jpg
- title: JOY STICK
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple2_joy_stick.jpg
- title: GRAPHIC TABLET
subtitle: '& its card'
text: ''
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_apple2_graphic-tablet.jpg
- title: KEYPAD
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_apple2_keypad.jpg
- title: DYNATYPER
subtitle: ''
text: |-
Here is the sale brochure of the Dynatyper, a strange and obscure printing device launched in 1980:
Dynatyper is a new typewriter interface system designed to generate hard copy directly from computer output through any electric typewriter. It exploits the high quality and use of full upper and lower case characters of your electric typewriter. Users of small computer systems can now expand those systems into applications demanding high quality text, such as word processing.
Consisting of an array of coils positioned in the same pattern as the typewriter's keyboard. These coils are wired into an electrical decoding matrix. Designed to operate on voltage available from standard computers, the Dynatyper is easily installed without modification to your typewriter. Adjustments for different key heights are easy.
Rochester Data provides interfaces and software for the **TRS-80 Level 1 & 2**, the **Apple II** and also a 6 bit **parallel interface** for general operation with other computers. The same interface board can be modified by jumper selection to eperate in any of the above modes...
Thanks to **Bob Leedom** for information and pictures
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_ii%2B_dinatyper_1.jpg
- title: ECHO SPEECH PROCESSOR II
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_appleii_echoii_board.jpg
- title: ROLAND CMU-500 INTERFACE
subtitle: ''
text: This item, a Roland Compumusic CMU-500 Apple II Interface, was used to connect musical instruments to the Apple II series of computers !
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_apple2_roland-cmu500_interface.jpg
- title: ECHO II
subtitle: speech/music/sound synthesizer
text: ''
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_apple2_echo2-speech-synth_1.jpg
- title: ACOUSTIC COUPLER
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_apple2_acoustic-coupler_1.jpg
- title: EARLY APPLE PRINTER
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/hardware/apple_apple2_printer1.jpg
connectors:
- title: APPLE II SLOT DESIGN
subtitle: ''
text: |-
To note:\
**NMI** = Non Maskeable Interrupt\
**INT IN** and **INT OUT** are for daisy chaining of interrupt controllers\
**DMA IN** and **DMA OUT** and **DMA** all concern Direct Memory Access\
**7M** is a 7MHz clock signal\
**Q3** is a 2MHz clock\
The 7MHz clock provides a 3.5MHz colour reference signal for video.
image: /media/museum/connectors/apple_ii_slotdesign_1.jpg
screenshots:
- title: APPLE PANIC
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/software/apple_appleii_applepanic_ss.gif
- title: AZTEC
subtitle: Title screen
text: ''
image: /media/museum/software/apple_appleii_aztec_ss.gif
- title: DRAGON FIRE
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/software/apple_appleii_dragonfire_ss.gif
- title: DRAGON FIRE
subtitle: 2nd screen
text: ''
image: /media/museum/software/apple_appleii_dragonfire_ss2.gif
- title: DROL
subtitle: Excellent game !
text: ''
image: /media/museum/software/apple_appleii_drol_ss.gif
- title: KARATEKA
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/software/apple_appleii_karateka_ss.gif
- title: LODE RUNNER
subtitle: A great classic
text: ''
image: /media/museum/software/apple_appleii_loderunner_ss.gif
- title: MARBLE MADNESS
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/software/apple_appleii_marblemadness_ss.gif
- title: MINER 2049ER
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/software/apple_appleii_miner2049er_ss.gif
- title: MONTEZUMA REVENGE
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/software/apple_appleii_montezuma-revenge_ss.gif
- title: STAR LEAGUE BASEBALL
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/software/apple_appleii_star-league-baseball_ss.gif
- title: APPLESOFT COMPILER
subtitle: ''
text: Also called TASC or AppleSoft Version 3, the AppleSoft Basic Compiler could make use of extended memory on 128K versions
image: /media/museum/software/apple_ii%2B_applesoftcompiler_1.jpg
- title: FLIGHT SIMULATOR
subtitle: ''
text: In January 1983, this Flight Simulator version was in competition with the first Microsoft version which had just been launched.
image: /media/museum/software/apple_ii_flightsim_1.jpg
emulators:
- title: Apple Oasis
url: http://www.geocities.com/APL24WIN/index.html
platform: Windows
text: Emulates Apple IIe system including hard disk, clock, CP/M card, etc.
- title: AppleWin
url: http://applewin.berlios.de/
platform: Windows
text: A great apple 2+ and apple 2e emulator for windows
- title: Bernie ][ the rescue
url: http://www.bernie.gs/Bernie/
platform: Apple
text: (Available for BeOS too)
- title: Catakig
url: http://www.radix.net/~cklipsch/ctkgdoc/
platform: Apple
text: ''
- title: YAE, Yet another Apple ][ Emulator
url: http://quark.netfront.net:6502/
platform: Unix / Linux
text: ''
- title: The Official ShapeShifter Home Page
url: http://www.uni-mainz.de/~bauec002/SSMain.html
platform: Amiga OS
text: ''
- title: PalmApple
url: http://palmapple.sourceforge.net/
platform: Other platform
text: PalmApple is an open source Apple //e emulator for PalmOS PDAs
- title: Virtual Apple
url: http://www.virtualapple.com/
platform: Other platform
text: This web site uses an ActiveX application and Apple IIgs emulator to automatically download and play most Apple 2 disk images online!
- title: Dapple
url: http://sourceforge.net/projects/dapple/
platform: Multiplatform
text: Apple II (II+, IIe) emulator for DOS and Unix with C source code
links:
- title: A2-Web!
url: http://www.wbwip.com/a2web/
text: ''
- title: Apple ][ Emulator Resources Guide
url: http://www.cs.ruu.nl/wais/html/na-dir/apple2/emulators-faq/part1.html
text: ''
- title: Apple II - Apple II gs
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/home.htm
text: A lot of documentations here !
- title: Apple II History
url: http://apple2history.org/
text: A detailed history of the Apple II computer, from start to finish, interspersed with history of Apple Computer, Inc., from the point of view of the Apple II user. Includes pictures.
- title: Apple II Q&A
url: HTTP://WWW.MYSPACE.COM/135780133
text: Please Ask the Expeirenced Apple II User!
- title: Apple2.org
url: http://www.apple2.org/
text: Over 1000 pictures of Apple II and other related hardware, articles, the Apple \]\[ FAQ, Transwarp and Zip GS accelerator upgrade mods, 3.5" drive rebuilding, and lots more.
- title: Applefritter
url: http://www.applefritter.com/
text: Excellent site about all Apple models,clones,prototypes,etc... A must see !
- title: APPLE-HISTORY.COM
url: http://www.apple-history.com/
text: Wonderful site with plenty of information !
- title: Caltech Apple II archive
url: http://apple2.tffenterprises.com/apple2/
text: ''
- title: Forever 1970..80..90
url: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/fabrice.montupet/
text: Very complete information for each model
- title: Iowa universiry Apple II archive
url: http://ground.icaen.uiowa.edu/apple2/
text: ''
- title: www.apple2clones.com
url: http://www.apple2clones.com/
text: The URL says it all. Very interesting site
- title: Web Wiz CAPTCHA
url: http://www.webwizcaptcha.com
text: All about Apple II user groups
docs:
- title: APPLE II REFERENCE MANUAL (JANUARY 1978)
url: null
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple88_reference-manual-jan-1978_cover.jpg
text: |-
**APPLE II REFERENCE MANUAL (JANUARY 1978)**\
written by Apple
 type of document : PDF\
 size : 6 MB\
 source : [www.apple-iigs.info](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docii.htm)
**... READ THE ONLINE VERSION BY CLICKING BELOW :**
- title: APPLE II - REFERENCE MANUAL
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docii.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple-2_reference-manual.jpg
text: |-
[**APPLE II - REFERENCE MANUAL**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docii.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: GUIDE DE L'APPLE - TOME 1 - L'APPLE STANDARD
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docii.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple_guide-de-l-apple.jpg
text: |-
[**GUIDE DE L'APPLE - TOME 1 - L'APPLE STANDARD**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docii.htm)written by Benoit de Merly / Edimicro
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: MANUEL DE L'UTILISATEUR APPLE II
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docii.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple_manuel-utilisateur-de-l-apple-2.jpg
text: |-
[**MANUEL DE L'UTILISATEUR APPLE II**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docii.htm)written by Lon Poole - Martin McNiff - Steven Cook
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: MONITOR II USER'S MANUAL
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docprog.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_monitor-ii-user-manual.jpg
text: |-
[**MONITOR II USER'S MANUAL**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docprog.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: A TOUCH OF APPLESOFT BASIC
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docprog.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_a-touch-of-applesoft-basic.jpg
text: |-
[**A TOUCH OF APPLESOFT BASIC**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docprog.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: LE MANUEL DOS 3.3 (FRENCH)
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_manuel-dos-3-3.jpg
text: |-
[**LE MANUEL DOS 3.3 (FRENCH)**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: BENEATH APPLE DOS
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_beneath-apple-dos.jpg
text: |-
[**BENEATH APPLE DOS**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm)written by Don Worth & Pieter Lechner
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: BENEATH APPLE PRO DOS
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_beneath-apple-prodos.jpg
text: |-
[**BENEATH APPLE PRO DOS**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm)written by Don Worth & Pieter Lechner
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: PRODOS USER'S MANUAL
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_prodos-user-manual.jpg
text: |-
[**PRODOS USER'S MANUAL**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: PRODOS SUPPLEMENT TO THE APPLE IIE OWNER'S MANUAL
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_prodos-supplement.jpg
text: |-
[**PRODOS SUPPLEMENT TO THE APPLE IIE OWNER'S MANUAL**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docos.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: APPLE 5.25 DRIVE - OWNER'S GUIDE
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_5-25-disk-drive_owners-manual.jpg
text: |-
[**APPLE 5.25 DRIVE - OWNER'S GUIDE**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: APPLE 3.5 DRIVE - OWNER'S GUIDE
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_3-5-disk-drive_owners-manual.jpg
text: |-
[**APPLE 3.5 DRIVE - OWNER'S GUIDE**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: APPLE 3.5 DRIVE CONTROLLER CARD - OWNER'S GUIDE
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_controller-card.jpg
text: |-
[**APPLE 3.5 DRIVE CONTROLLER CARD - OWNER'S GUIDE**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: APPLE II SUPER SERIAL CARD - INSTALLATION AND OPERATING MANUAL
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_super-serial-card.jpg
text: |-
[**APPLE II SUPER SERIAL CARD - INSTALLATION AND OPERATING MANUAL**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: APPLE II PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE CARD - INSTALLATION AND OPERATING MANUAL
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_parallel-printer-interface.jpg
text: |-
[**APPLE II PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE CARD - INSTALLATION AND OPERATING MANUAL**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: APPLE II 80-COLUMN TEXT CARD MANUAL
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_80c-text-card.jpg
text: |-
[**APPLE II 80-COLUMN TEXT CARD MANUAL**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: APPLE II 80-COLUMN TEXT CARD MANUAL SUPPLEMENT
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_80c-text-card_supplement.jpg
text: |-
[**APPLE II 80-COLUMN TEXT CARD MANUAL SUPPLEMENT**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: Z80 PLUS CARD - USER MANUAL
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_z80-plus.jpg
text: |-
[**Z80 PLUS CARD - USER MANUAL**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm)written by Applied Engineering
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: APPLE JOYSTICK IIE AND IIC - USER'S INSTRUCTIONS
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_joystick_users_manual.jpg
text: |-
[**APPLE JOYSTICK IIE AND IIC - USER'S INSTRUCTIONS**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
- title: APPLE II - APPLECOLOR RGB MONITOR OWNER'S GUIDE
url: http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/apple2_rgb-monitor.jpg
text: |-
[**APPLE II - APPLECOLOR RGB MONITOR OWNER'S GUIDE**](http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/docacc.htm)written by Apple
 compiled/archived by Arnaud Brossard\
 type of document : PDF\
 source : [Apple II / Apple IIgs website](http://www.apple-iigs.info/)
videos:
- title: Apple II videoclip
url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SoWRCy21pY
text: 'Length: 3 min 03 s'
comments:
- author: Jay (Washington State USA)
date: Tuesday 22nd September 2020
text: |-
I am looking for one of these at a cheap price, I will pay up to 100$ including shipping if I have to pay for it\
Email is jaya.buckwheat@gmail.com
- author: James Doocey (Ireland)
date: Monday 20th April 2020
text: I did see an original 1977 Apple II computer at a museum running integer basic and I must admit integer basic whilst limited is a good programming language for the time
- author: James Doocey (Ireland)
date: Monday 20th April 2020
text: I did see an original 1977 Apple II computer at a museum running integer basic and I must admit integer basic whilst limited is a good programming language for the time
- author: James Doocey (Ireland)
date: Monday 20th April 2020
text: I did see an original 1977 Apple II computer at a museum running integer basic and I must admit integer basic whilst limited is a good programming language for the time
- author: Régis Schmidt (France)
date: Saturday 20th August 2016
text: At the end of the 80''s, I designed a device called "TAO" with a 6502 assembler
- author: infinite100
date: Friday 15th August 2014
text: |-
Wozniak used the last bit in the video processor register to enable colour. Normally you would have needed at least 16kb to get four colours, the Apple would do it with just 4kb.
Unfortuneately, this meant that everything was based on multiples of 7 rather than 8, making it an absolute pig to program and very difficult to connect to the internet.
- author: Nate (Ohio, US)
date: Monday 6th February 2012
text: My Chemistry teacher STILL uses it to simulate the effects of acids and bases.
- author: Ted (Canada)
date: Friday 19th August 2011
text: My neighbor authored a sound program for this machine that played "Oh Canada" with amazing clarity! I played it in class in high school ( 1980), and my teacher and class were in awe. Somewhere along the way, my Apple II+ failed, ruined the program and prevented me from getting a printout. My neighbor sold his machine over 20 years ago.
- author: jayessell (USA)
date: Friday 31st December 2010
text: |-
I had s/n000105.\
1977\.\
I did computer animation in 1980s!\
See my YouTube and Flickr vids $ pics.\
Same user name: jsl151850b\
Also... In my Flickr pics.... The simulated leather Apple $$ bag!\
Yes... The Apple $$ was a LUGGABLE pc!
- author: wally (Ohio, US)
date: Wednesday 8th September 2010
text: When I was in high school, I had my dad for chemistry. He used to use the Apple II in conjunction with his spectrometer for his Chemistry II classes that he taught.
- author: Erik (Australia)
date: Saturday 24th April 2010
text: The high school I go to had one of these when I was in 8th grade, until the motherboard went bad, and I was given it for free. Basically, I took it for parts. Also, the Apple II didn''t have a floppy disk drive until 1977, and before that was the 10 or 20 minute loading times off cassette tape. It was a nightmare because the tapes wouldn''t load when the volume and tone controls weren''t set right. It took 10 or 20 times for it to work properly. With the floppy disk, all of that went away, and loading times went down to 20-30 seconds.
- author: PoopskinTheLiar (Onett)
date: Friday 9th January 2009
text: You seem to be forgetting the Apple-1, Link.
- author: Henry (USA)
date: Thursday 7th December 2006
text: Hey I have a MySpace Check it out!
- author: Link (Hyrule)
date: Friday 8th April 2005
text: The First PC. The 'microcomputers' that came before it had toggle switches and blinking lights instead of keyboards; the PET and TRS-80 that were its contemporaries were neither as expandable, nor as successful.
oc_id: 68
source:
url: https://web.archive.org/web/20230605123814/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=68
date: '2023-06-05'
---
Apple II was the successor to the Apple 1 on which it was largely based. It was the very first commercial success of the Apple Computer Company.
Because Steve Wozniak wanted to demonstrate his Breakout game with the new Apple II, he decided to add colour, sound and minimum paddle support to the Apple 1's heir.
The Apple II came with 4 KB RAM, but it was possible to add 4 KB or 16 KB RAM chips. Thus, the system could have memory in the following sizes: 4K, 8K, 12K,16K, 20K, 24K, 32K, 36K, or a full 48K. This was one of the strong points of the Apple II: from the beginning, it was designed with expansion in mind. The 8 expansion slots were further proof of that - users could expand their system easily, just by plugging cards into the slots.
The ROM included the monitor, a 6502 disassembler, 'Sweet 16' a 16-bit CPU emulator and the Integer Basic written by Wozniak in machine language, assembled by hand on paper! Not having to load a language from tape or disk to start programing was also a significant advantage over competitors. Even the innovative plastic case proved to be an important feature to attract customers.
Just a few months after the Apple II presentation at the First West Coast Computer Fair in April 1977, Apple received about three hundred orders for the Apple II, over a hundred more than the total number of Apple-1's sold.
The Apple II was followed in 1979 by the Apple II+, which brought some enhancements.
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---
title: Kaypro PC & 286i
categories:
- Computers
types:
- Professional Computer
origins:
- U.S.A.
years:
- '1985'
cpus:
- Intel 80286
params:
name: PC & 286i
image: /media/museum/photos/kaypro_desktop_system_s1.jpg
company: /companies/kaypro
company_name: Kaypro
specs:
- label: NAME
value: PC & 286i
- label: MANUFACTURER
value: Kaypro
- label: TYPE
value: Professional Computer
- label: ORIGIN
value: U.S.A.
- label: YEAR
value: '1985'
- label: BUILT IN LANGUAGE
value: None
- label: KEYBOARD
value: Standard PC-XT - 84 key
- label: CPU
value: Intel 80286 (8086 in the Kaypro PC)
- label: SPEED
value: 6 then 8 then 12 MHz (1987)
- label: CO-PROCESSOR
value: Socket for a 80287 math coprocessor
- label: RAM
value: 512 KB up to 768 KB
- label: VRAM
value: 16 KB
- label: ROM
value: Unknown
- label: TEXT MODES
value: 40 or 80 columns x 25 lines
- label: GRAPHIC MODES
value: Hercules graphics (720 x 348) or CGA (640 x 200)
- label: COLORS
value: 16 then 256
- label: SOUND
value: Built-in one channel speaker
- label: SIZE / WEIGHT
value: 52 (W) x 39 (D) x 16 (H) cm (main unit)
- label: I/O PORTS
value: 1 X Parallel, 2 x Serial, Composite video
- label: BUILT IN MEDIA
value: 2 x 1.2 MB 5.25'' FDD, optional 20 then 40 MB HDD (2 x 360 KB 5.25'' FDD in the Kaypro PC)
- label: OS
value: MS-DOS
- label: POWER SUPPLY
value: Built-in switching PSU
- label: PERIPHERALS
value: 8 ISA slots
- label: PRICE
value: From $4500 in 1985 - $2995 in 1987
tabs:
- photos
- comments
photos:
- title: COMPLETE SYSTEM
subtitle: ''
text: |-
PC-XT monochrome version with original boxes - not in great shape - Manuals and software.
Thanks to **Dennis**
image: /media/museum/photos/kaypro_desktop_withboxes_s1.jpg
comments:
- author: Sammy Hill (USA)
date: Sunday 11th July 2021
text: I have a KAPRO PC - 286i that I purchased in around 1985. it was used for personal and business use. We ran spreadsheet and kept ledgers and other programs on it. It has been put away in storage until now. I have all disks and books but can''t get it to load the programs. Keeps showing boot error or non registry disk. Would like to get it operational again and go back into some files. Anyone out there know how to reset and reinstall of the master disks?
- author: Lee Lichtenwalner (United States)
date: Monday 7th March 2016
text: I used to assemble, service, and sell Kaypro computers in Virginia a long, long time ago. Started with the 8088, then V20, 80286, 80386, and that "powerhouse" the 80486. I used to diagnose memory errors at the chip level$yes, one dreadful RAM chip at a time. They were profitable at one point, getting as much as $45 per system on volume. It was an incredible experience$that plus my LichtenA@arpa.net email address...LOL
- author: Shoal Creek
date: Thursday 10th May 2012
text: My dad bought a Kaypro PC for our family for Christmas, 1986. The model we purchased had a V20 CPU that would toggle between 4.77 and 8.0 MHz. It had 768 KB of RAM (later upgraded to 2 MB with an expansion card) and a 10 MB hard drive (later upgraded to 20 MB, then 32 MB). It came with two DS/DD half-height 5 1/4" floppy drives. We also added an internal modem. It came with this ATI All-In-Wonder EGA adapter that could emulate full EGA on the green screen that came with it. I wrote my very first program on this computer using GW-BASIC.
- author: Richard (US)
date: Thursday 30th December 2010
text: 'Howard: If you recall, the Kaypro 286i was not only the first IBM AT compatible computer to hit the market, it was also the first one to WORK! The IBM AT''''s had problems accessing their hard drives in their early shipments. Kaypro had specified a different controller chip and avoided the problem, but still shipped the early 286i''''s with dual floppy disk drives instead of hard drive versions, just in case. The Kaypro 286i was as close to a bulletproof design as was to be had in those days but the price tag was so high that most buyers opted for the IBM version. The Kaypro''''s carried a 30$ margin between selling price and dealer cost, and the IBM units usually carried a 40$+ margin, so Kaypro dealers just didn''''t have the room to play with price the way IBM dealers did, plus the Kaypro dealer had no choice but to pay for expensive air shipping, driving up the dealers selling expenses.'
- author: Richard (US)
date: Thursday 30th December 2010
text: |-
The Kaypro PC was introduced with a 4.77 MHZ intel 8088 processor and a 10 MB hard drive. Later on, the system was equipped with a switchable processor card that could toggle between 4.77 mhz and 8 mhz (later 4.77/10 mhz), and hard drives were bumped up to 20 and later 30 mb capacities. The system was also available with 2 360KB floppy drives, and later on, the system was shipped sans monitor, video card, and only one floppy drive, giving dealers ultimate flexibility in how the machine was configured for the end-user.
The mainboard was a passive device, supporting the 8 bit bus that connected the processor card to the video card and the multifunction (disk controller/memory/i-o) card and empty expansion slots. Kaypro sold the Kaypro PC as a computer that was upgradeable to run Intel''s 80286 microprocessor, and briefly released an 80286 processor board for installation in the KPC. The problem was that the system was locked into an 8 bit bus, allowing the 80286 processor to have only 8 bit access to system memory, video, and the hard drive. Thus, the slow access to memory and storage held the performance back so much that the speed improvement was barely noticeable. The card sold for about $600 as I remember, and were recalled with little fanfare. The idea of an upgradeable computer was an excellent one, and had there been a way to practically accommodate the need for a 16 bit bus, would have revolutionized the market.
Kaypro was also the only company I know of that guaranteed IBM system compatibility. If you bought a Kaypro PC and it failed to run any business class software that would run on a similar IBM PC, then Kaypro would rewrite the ROM BIOS to "fix" the problem at no charge.
And for what it is worth, the "PC" in Kaypro PC stood for "Professional Computer".
- author: Dustin (USA)
date: Tuesday 8th June 2010
text: |-
We purchased a Kaypro PC in, I think, 1986. It had an 8086 processor that ran at 8 MHz or 4.77 MHz depending on the position of a toggle switch on the back of the system. Apparently hard disk drives weren''t standard on these models because ours only had two 360 KiB 5.25" floppy disk drives. We also had the full 640 KiB of RAM installed. I was unaware any model offered 728 KiB until reading this article.
My memory is a bit fuzzy on the specifics, but I remember it coming with MS-DOS 3.1, a version of WordStar, a primitive Windows-like TSR system, and a terminal program for use with a model (which we didn''t own).
I typed many papers on that system. I played a lot of games, too. Populous and SimCity were two of my favorites.
- author: howard boyle
date: Tuesday 1st June 2010
text: the K286i was my 2nd project as an engineering project manager for Kaypro. It was quite a challenge and I believe it was the first "clone" of the AT in the market. We had the chassis and chevron front made in Taiwan and the keyboards made in Hong Kong orginally. Our goal what to be plug and part compatable with the IBM AT and it was. The hardest part of the project was decoding the insides of a couple of the IBM proms but we were able to overcome that issue too. The orginal ROM was from Award Software and it was challenging as they were developing the code at the same time we were doing the hardware. I learned a lot from that project. Howad
- author: Bart (USA)
date: Wednesday 28th April 2010
text: The Kaypro PC was my first computer. The model I had came with an NEC V20 chip for the processor. This started my computer legacy of not having an intel branded processor in any machine until someone gave me a laptop in 2005. I don''t dislike intel it just always worked out that the best deal at the time was not intel. Anyway, my kaypro came with EGA graphics with a monochrome monitor. It came with a low density 5.25 floppy and I added the low density (720 kb) 3.5 inch floppy. Later I added a 32mb seagate rll drive. Then upgraded to vga and added a math coprocessor. The original system cost about 1800.00 US. It served my well and sometimes wish I still had it to tinker with.
- author: Mikko Niska (Finland)
date: Wednesday 28th March 2007
text: The Kaypro I still own was bought July 1987 and it has had no repairs or any maintenance ever since. The only extra part installed has been modem. My Kaypro is PC/XT and it has 30 MB hard disk, 1 floppy disk, PC-DOS 3.21, no mouse and monitor is Eizo 3030 12" monochrome and printer Epson FX-105. Recent years it has been used by children for playing PC games of late 1980´s. If needed I suppouse the serial number of Kaypro is 402581 - the only number I found from backside. It has been a good computer!
- author: Sevki Alemdar (Turkey)
date: Wednesday 6th September 2006
text: paid nearly 2000 USD in 1987 from a KAYPRO dealer in Turkey for its 8088 PC version. He took my order and gave me his own 286i. But later on he went bankcrupt and disappeared. So I used this machine till the end of 1993. The main board was very heavy but was very powerfull computer at that time. I still have it in a box.
- author: Mike (Ohio)
date: Wednesday 14th December 2005
text: My first IBM compatible was a Kaypro PC. I went all out and purchased the dual floppy drive machine with a color (CGA) monitor after comparing several machines. My choice was between a Tandy 1000, Epson PC and the Kaypro (which I purchased after seeing positive reviews in Creative Computer and Byte magazines) - if you don't remember those you're not an old-timer like myself. I used it for a number of years, upgrading the video to EGA and adding a 20mb harddrive (for $300!!!) until a lightning strike near my home fried the motherboard (it came in through the phone line, frying the modem and the motherboard). I never upgraded my machine to the 286 level, because both the retailer in Cincinnati and Kaypro had gone under during that time. I ended up trading up to a Gateway 2000 25mhz 386 machine.
- author: Douglas (Alaska)
date: Wednesday 3rd August 2005
text: Our family got one of these machines in 1985. At the time, my grandpa was working for the government and that's what they were using then, so we got one cheap. We had a Intel 8086, but I think we upgraded it later. We also had a 5.25" floppy drive and a 30MB hard disk. We got the system with Windows 2.1 and then we got Windows 3.1 in 1992. We used the system until 1996, when sadly, one day it crshed completely. It wouldn't recognize a Windows disk. So we got read of it.
- author: Don (Hawaii)
date: Wednesday 15th June 2005
text: I grew up in the area where Kaypro Computers was located. I went to Jr. High right next door to the campus in Solana Beach. Several of my friends ended up working for Kaypro in the early 80's. A good friend of mine became the head of European sales for Kaypro at a tender young age. They were great computers and definitely on the bleeding edge. Too bad Andy Kay decided to close doors but in the end he wasn't able to keep up with the dollars that IBM and others had to wage a marketing war.
- author: G.I. Polak (Netherlands)
date: Wednesday 13rd April 2005
text: |-
Hi,\
I still own a KAYPRO PC system and wondered if the brand KAYPRO still existed. My KAYPRO PC had a 30 (!!) MB HDD, and a 5,25'' FDD and an Intel 8086 CPU. Later on I added a CD interface with an external CD player to the system. I also ran MKS toolbox on it, remotely logging on over a 2400 Baud Modem, to the company's NCR 32/800 system I worked for, being able to give remote assistance if needed. Nowadays I have my own Wifi LAN with Linux, Win2000, PDA, cell phone etc. It was great working with th KAYPRO PC experimenting with BASIC, Turbo Pascal, Turbo C, Auto Cad, and even Oracle (!!) and helped me to become a computer engineer.
oc_id: 1044
source:
url: https://web.archive.org/web/20230621132431/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=1044
date: '2023-06-21'
---
Kaypro's loyalty to customers was legendary. In fact, its refusal to abandon CP/M users dangerously delayed its adoption of the DOS Operating System. Nevertheless, it eventually acceded and was one of the last US manufacturer to introduce a PC compatible system simply named the **Kaypro PC**
It was most affordable package in the IBM-compatible world including a CAD-capable Samsung monitor and ATI video card capable of Hercules graphics, CGA color, and CGA color emulation on a monochrome monitor. The entry machine was faster than its IBM PC-XT rival. Typically, it was a rugged, dependable desktop PC that immediately out-classed IBM in additional areas by including larger and faster standard hard drives, generous free software combinations, and top-flight ring-bound user documentation.
Still in 1985 came the Kaypro **286i**, the very first available PC/AT-compatible system, faster at the same clock speed than the IBM model, it was quickly revised with Intel's latest chip, the 8MHz 286, running over 30% faster than IBM's offering.
Kaypro engineered its own high quality motherboards and introduced upgradable processors in desktop PCs, mounting the computer’s microprocessor on a replaceable expansion card instead of on the expensive motherboard; thus facilitating easy, lower-cost replacement of the processor.
Kaypro pioneered advanced memory usage, managing to squeeze out an additional 128 KB in the first megabyte of standard DOS memory, thus giving users access to the full 728 KB of DOS memory instead of the 640 KB allowed on other systems. This extra memory was available as a fast virtual drive for active data files, greatly speeding computing performance.
In a time when full IBM-compatibility was more often marketing hype than hard reality, Kaypro went beyond the rest of the industry and backed its PCs with the only money-back guarantee of FULL IBM-compatibility. The PC was so good that Kaypro even guaranteed to buy a dissatisfied customer a replacement from IBM if they desired.
Spec. board is for the 286i version - Thanks to **Dennis** for the pictures.
---
Kaypro versus Leading Edge, by **Tim Babcock**:\
I recall selling that particular model of machine as the 8086 version when I was working for Creative Computers in Seattle.\
The 286 version of Kaypro came in a black polished aluminum case. Very eye catching in the store.\
Two complaints I would get about the Kaypro PC was that the keyboard was mushy (amazing for a computer that was big for writers and teachers) and not having 640k of memory at the time. We ended up having to upgrade them to 640K for nothing just to compete with the Leading Edge Model D computer which was very popular at the time thanks to Consumer Reports.\
We sold quite a few Kaypro computers to government accounts since they were approved for the "Buy American" program that the Regan administration started. Kaypro's were manufactured in Laguna Beach but it was rumored that most of the labor used in the assembly process came from illegal alliens comming in from Mexico.\
Once the Leading Edge Model D came out we lost quite a few sales to their computer and the local dealer would beat us most of the time. Our stores would shut down by January of 1986.
**Darrin Lee's** memories:\
I was an employee at Kaypro from 1987 until around 1990. First off, they were made in Solana Beach, not Laguna Beach.\
The Kaypro PC came with a wopping 768K of RAM, which was more than the standard 640K. It had some "trick" software that would allow the extra 128K to be used as a virtual drive, a pretty cool thing at the time. We used to make 100's of them, mostly dual floppy, but some were with the very innovative 3.5" 720" drive and a 5.25" 360K floppy.\
Then we would make some REAL special ones with a 30MB RLL hard drive. It was an interesting place to work, and an experience I value and still think about today.
**Rui M. Dos Santos** from Angola recalls:\
In Angola we imported these Kaypro machines mainly the 30MB HD version. It had at the time several versions and the concept was nice BUT there were technical problems... Basically the ideia was to have a BASIC box with the Mainboard/HardDrive/FDD etc as one box and then "chase the Processor board according to the user and warranting the user upgrades as, then, the processor industry was going very fast with major diferences from processor to processor-8088/80286/80386 all with diferent clock rates etc.." The concept was nice BUT there were hardware /firmware problems with the "Processor boards"... We in Angola ended up "changing and re-doing all PC´s" replacing the all board by "conventional clone boards"
<table> <tr> <td></td> <td>We need more info about this computer ! If you designed, used, or have more info about this system, please send us pictures or anything you might find useful.</td> <td></td> </tr> </table>
content/museum/magnavox-odyssey-100.html
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@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
{
"title": "MAGNAVOX Odyssey 100",
"categories": [
"Pongs"
],
"origins": [
"U.S.A."
],
"years": [
"1975"
],
"cpus": [
"discrete components"
],
"params": {
"name": "Odyssey 100",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey100_1s.jpg",
"logo": "/media/museum/logos/magnavox_odyssey100_logo.gif",
"company": "/companies/magnavox",
"company_name": "MAGNAVOX",
"specs": [
[
"NAME",
"Odyssey 100"
],
[
"MANUFACTURER",
"Magnavox"
],
[
"ORIGIN",
"U.S.A."
],
[
"YEAR",
"1975"
],
[
"BUILT IN LANGUAGE",
"tennis, hockey"
],
[
"KEYBOARD",
"3 knobs for each player (vertical movements, horizontal movements, english effect)"
],
[
"CPU",
"discrete components + Texas Instruments chips"
],
[
"SPEED",
"none"
],
[
"CO-PROCESSOR",
"game selection (A or B), power ON/OFF, video channel (3 or 4), sound (on/off)"
],
[
"RAM",
"on system case (numbered slider)"
],
[
"COLORS",
"Black &amp; white"
],
[
"SOUND",
"Built-in speaker"
],
[
"I/O PORTS",
"RF TV video output"
],
[
"OS",
"6 x C cell batteries"
],
[
"POWER SUPPLY",
"9V AC external PSU"
],
[
"PERIPHERALS",
"no"
],
[
"PRICE",
"Unknown"
]
],
"tabs": [
"photos",
"links",
"docs"
],
"photos": [
{
"title": "ODYSSEY 100",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "<p>Thanks to <a href=\"http://www.pong-story.com\">www.pong-story.com</a> for the picture</p>",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey100_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "ODYSSEY 100 BOX",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey100_box.jpg"
}
],
"links": [
{
"title": "www.atariarchives.org",
"url": "http://www.atariarchives.org/bcc2/showpage.php?page=278",
"text": "This excellent web site has a scan of an old article about some Odyssey systems"
},
{
"title": "www.pong-story.com",
"url": "http://www.pong-story.com/odyssey_other.htm",
"text": "Odyssey dedicated page. Excellent website."
}
],
"docs": [
{
"title": "ODYSSEY 100 USER MANUAL",
"url": null,
"cover": "/media/museum/docs/couvs/magnavox_odyssey100_doc.jpg",
"text": "<b>ODYSSEY 100 USER MANUAL</b><br/>written by Magnavox<br/><br/> compiled/archived by Unknown<br/> type of document : ZIP<br/> size : 532 KB<br/> source : www.old-computers.com"
}
],
"oc_id": 1268,
"source": {
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230613152926/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=1268",
"date": "2023-06-13"
}
}
}
<p> If Atari started to sell a whole range of PONG systems in 1975, Magnavox (the originator of home video game systems) also started a new range of systems in 1975, the first of which was a much simpler version of the 1972 <a href="/museum/magnavox-odyssey/">Odyssey</a>: the Odyssey 100. <br/><br/> Back in 1973, Ralph Baer tried to add new features to his Odyssey (sound, extra components on the cartridges to add more visual effects, etc), and wondered if the new technologies would allow integrating a whole Odyssey in one or more simple integrated circuits. He tracked several semiconductor houses (General Instruments (GI), Texas Instruments (TI), MOSTechnology (MOSTek) and others) to study the feasibility of his new idea. He kept worrying about his idea until may 1974 when Magnavox signed an agreement with Texas Instruments for the design of the chips. <br/><br/> Although TI promised a delivery for january 1975, Magnavox went ahead and made a same design using discrete components, should TI fail to deliver the chips. In the meantime, National Semiconductor proposed a single-chip project which would be ready for january / february 1975. The chip was ready in August 1975, but Magnavox already decided that TI would make the multi-chip design. Thus the Odyssey 100 was released the same year. <br/><br/> The Odyssey 100 used discrete components and four Texas Instruments chips. It did not use cartridges and played two games: TENNIS and HOCKEY. A simple switch selected the games, and the system was either powered by six batteries, or by an AC adaptor (such power supplies were widely used by other systems). <br/><br/> The TENNIS game was very basic. It was formed of two paddles, a vertical line and a ball. Two knobs were used to adjust the game: one to center the vertical line and one to set the ball speed. A little piezzo beeper was used for the few beeps of the games, and each player controlled the game using three knobs (one for moving vertically, one for moving horizontally, and one for the "english" effect which modified the trajectory of the ball to 'fake' the opponent). <br/><br/> The Odyssey 100 was very basic and didn't have the common features of the million-seller PONG systems of the next years. The knobs were fixed: there were no detachable controllers yet. There was no digital on-screen scoring: the players marked their score using two little plastic cursors on the system. The serve couldn't be changed: it was automatic. <br/><br/> This could seem strange compared to the first Atari PONG systems which already had digital on-screen scoring. In fact, this was just a question of technology. On-screen scoring would have required additional components, which would have increased the cost of the system. Nevertheless, on-screen scoring was added in later systems although the first attempts used archaic graphics. The first Magnavox system to offer digital on-screen was the Odyssey 300 in 1976. <br/><br/> The main features of the Odyssey 100 were very basic: <br/><br/> - Action sounds <br/> - Mechanical Scoring <br/> - Top and Bottom Ball Rebound <br/> - Vertical/Horizontal Player Action <br/> - Ball Control <br/> - Speed Control <br/> - Game Select Switch <br/> - On/Off Power Switch <br/><br/> ____________ <br/><br/> Source: <a href="http://www.pong-story.com">www.pong-story.com</a> <br/><br/> </p>
content/museum/magnavox-odyssey-100.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
---
title: MAGNAVOX Odyssey 100
categories:
- Pongs
origins:
- U.S.A.
years:
- '1975'
cpus:
- discrete components
params:
name: Odyssey 100
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey100_1s.jpg
logo: /media/museum/logos/magnavox_odyssey100_logo.gif
company: /companies/magnavox
company_name: MAGNAVOX
specs:
- label: NAME
value: Odyssey 100
- label: MANUFACTURER
value: Magnavox
- label: ORIGIN
value: U.S.A.
- label: YEAR
value: '1975'
- label: BUILT IN LANGUAGE
value: tennis, hockey
- label: KEYBOARD
value: 3 knobs for each player (vertical movements, horizontal movements, english effect)
- label: CPU
value: discrete components + Texas Instruments chips
- label: SPEED
value: none
- label: CO-PROCESSOR
value: game selection (A or B), power ON/OFF, video channel (3 or 4), sound (on/off)
- label: RAM
value: on system case (numbered slider)
- label: COLORS
value: Black & white
- label: SOUND
value: Built-in speaker
- label: I/O PORTS
value: RF TV video output
- label: OS
value: 6 x C cell batteries
- label: POWER SUPPLY
value: 9V AC external PSU
- label: PERIPHERALS
value: 'no'
- label: PRICE
value: Unknown
tabs:
- photos
- links
- docs
photos:
- title: ODYSSEY 100
subtitle: ''
text: Thanks to [www.pong-story.com](http://www.pong-story.com) for the picture
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey100_1.jpg
- title: ODYSSEY 100 BOX
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey100_box.jpg
links:
- title: www.atariarchives.org
url: http://www.atariarchives.org/bcc2/showpage.php?page=278
text: This excellent web site has a scan of an old article about some Odyssey systems
- title: www.pong-story.com
url: http://www.pong-story.com/odyssey_other.htm
text: Odyssey dedicated page. Excellent website.
docs:
- title: ODYSSEY 100 USER MANUAL
url: null
cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/magnavox_odyssey100_doc.jpg
text: |-
**ODYSSEY 100 USER MANUAL**\
written by Magnavox
 compiled/archived by Unknown\
 type of document : ZIP\
 size : 532 KB\
 source : www.old-computers.com
oc_id: 1268
source:
url: https://web.archive.org/web/20230613152926/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=1268
date: '2023-06-13'
---
If Atari started to sell a whole range of PONG systems in 1975, Magnavox (the originator of home video game systems) also started a new range of systems in 1975, the first of which was a much simpler version of the 1972 [Odyssey](/museum/magnavox-odyssey/): the Odyssey 100.
Back in 1973, Ralph Baer tried to add new features to his Odyssey (sound, extra components on the cartridges to add more visual effects, etc), and wondered if the new technologies would allow integrating a whole Odyssey in one or more simple integrated circuits. He tracked several semiconductor houses (General Instruments (GI), Texas Instruments (TI), MOSTechnology (MOSTek) and others) to study the feasibility of his new idea. He kept worrying about his idea until may 1974 when Magnavox signed an agreement with Texas Instruments for the design of the chips.
Although TI promised a delivery for january 1975, Magnavox went ahead and made a same design using discrete components, should TI fail to deliver the chips. In the meantime, National Semiconductor proposed a single-chip project which would be ready for january / february 1975. The chip was ready in August 1975, but Magnavox already decided that TI would make the multi-chip design. Thus the Odyssey 100 was released the same year.
The Odyssey 100 used discrete components and four Texas Instruments chips. It did not use cartridges and played two games: TENNIS and HOCKEY. A simple switch selected the games, and the system was either powered by six batteries, or by an AC adaptor (such power supplies were widely used by other systems).
The TENNIS game was very basic. It was formed of two paddles, a vertical line and a ball. Two knobs were used to adjust the game: one to center the vertical line and one to set the ball speed. A little piezzo beeper was used for the few beeps of the games, and each player controlled the game using three knobs (one for moving vertically, one for moving horizontally, and one for the "english" effect which modified the trajectory of the ball to 'fake' the opponent).
The Odyssey 100 was very basic and didn't have the common features of the million-seller PONG systems of the next years. The knobs were fixed: there were no detachable controllers yet. There was no digital on-screen scoring: the players marked their score using two little plastic cursors on the system. The serve couldn't be changed: it was automatic.
This could seem strange compared to the first Atari PONG systems which already had digital on-screen scoring. In fact, this was just a question of technology. On-screen scoring would have required additional components, which would have increased the cost of the system. Nevertheless, on-screen scoring was added in later systems although the first attempts used archaic graphics. The first Magnavox system to offer digital on-screen was the Odyssey 300 in 1976.
The main features of the Odyssey 100 were very basic:
\- Action sounds\
\- Mechanical Scoring\
\- Top and Bottom Ball Rebound\
\- Vertical/Horizontal Player Action\
\- Ball Control\
\- Speed Control\
\- Game Select Switch\
\- On/Off Power Switch
---
Source: [www.pong-story.com](http://www.pong-story.com)
content/museum/magnavox-odyssey.html
-300
View File
@@ -1,300 +0,0 @@
{
"title": "MAGNAVOX Odyssey",
"categories": [
"Consoles"
],
"origins": [
"U.S.A."
],
"years": [
"1972"
],
"params": {
"name": "Odyssey",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_1.jpg",
"logo": "/media/museum/logos/magnavox_odyssey_logo.gif",
"company": "/companies/magnavox",
"company_name": "MAGNAVOX",
"specs": [
[
"NAME",
"Odyssey"
],
[
"MANUFACTURER",
"Magnavox"
],
[
"ORIGIN",
"U.S.A."
],
[
"YEAR",
"1972"
],
[
"END OF PRODUCTION",
"1975"
],
[
"BUILT IN LANGUAGE",
"None (sort of), in fact all game games potential are built-in the system. Cartridges are all only there to cable the components and program the different games"
],
[
"KEYBOARD",
"2 largish block sized controllers with a round dial on either side."
],
[
"CPU",
"None"
],
[
"COLORS",
"Black &amp; white"
],
[
"SOUND",
"None"
],
[
"I/O PORTS",
"Cartridge slot"
],
[
"BUILT IN MEDIA",
"Cartridges"
],
[
"OS",
"12"
],
[
"POWER SUPPLY",
"6 x 'C' batteries. Optional external adaptor (9V, 40MA)"
],
[
"PERIPHERALS",
"Optional rifle"
],
[
"PRICE",
"$100 (USA, 1972)"
]
],
"tabs": [
"photos",
"adverts",
"emulators",
"links",
"videos",
"comments"
],
"photos": [
{
"title": "MAIN UNIT",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_3.jpg"
},
{
"title": "ODYSSEY",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_2.jpg"
},
{
"title": "FRONT",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_front.jpg"
},
{
"title": "TOP",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_top.jpg"
},
{
"title": "CONTROLLER",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_controller.jpg"
},
{
"title": "CONTROLLER",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_controller_2.jpg"
},
{
"title": "LOGO",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_logo_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "CARTRIDGE",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "Just simple contacts...<p>Thanks to <a href=\"http://www.pong-story.com\">www.pong-story.com</a> for this picture</p>",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_cart-7.jpg"
},
{
"title": "SOME ACCESSORIES",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_accessories_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "SCREEN OVERLAYS",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "<p>Thanks to <a href=\"http://www.pong-story.com\">www.pong-story.com</a> for this picture</p>",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_overlays.jpg"
},
{
"title": "SUITCASE",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "The Odyssey was sold in a suitcase or in a box with all its accessories.",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_valise_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "IN BOX",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_in-box.jpg"
},
{
"title": "BOX",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_box_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "DOCUMENTATION",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_doc.jpg"
}
],
"adverts": [
{
"title": "FRENCH ADVERT",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "<p>Thanks to <a href=\"http://www.pong-story.com\">www.pong-story.com</a> for this picture</p>",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/magnavox_odyssey_advert_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "FRENCH PROMOTIONAL PICTURE",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "<p>Thanks to <a href=\"http://www.pong-story.com\">www.pong-story.com</a> for this picture</p>",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/magnavox_odyssey_promo-pic_1.jpg"
},
{
"title": "GERMAN PROMOTIONAL PICTURE",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "<p>Thanks to <a href=\"http://www.pong-story.com\">www.pong-story.com</a> for this picture</p>",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/magnavox_odyssey_promo-pic_2.jpg"
}
],
"emulators": [
{
"title": "OdyEmu",
"url": "http://www.pong-story.com/odyemu.htm",
"platform": "MS DOS",
"text": "This is the only emulator available, brought to you by Paul Robson & David Winter"
}
],
"links": [
{
"title": "Odyssey FAQ",
"url": "http://www.pong-story.com/o1faq.txt",
"text": "Useful file now maintained by David Winter"
},
{
"title": "Online Odyssey Museum",
"url": "http://www.magnavox-odyssey.com/",
"text": "Very complete site dedicated to the Odyssey"
},
{
"title": "Pong-Story.com",
"url": "http://www.pong-story.com/odyssey.htm",
"text": "David has put up the most complete page on the net about the Odyssey. Worth a visit."
}
],
"videos": [
{
"title": "Magnavox Odyssey TV Commercial - February 1973",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2EIsnr_cv4",
"text": "Length: 29 s"
},
{
"title": "Ralph Baer and Bill Harrison Play Ping-Pong Video Game, 1969",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LsRGUODHlQ",
"text": "Length: 2 min 43 s"
},
{
"title": "History of the Odyssey",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEVoqQ--_xM",
"text": "Length: 6 min 10 s"
},
{
"title": "Magnavox Odyssey: unreleased Round Ball demo - Winter & Baer",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVrYV4Q7l3s",
"text": "Length: 6 min 32 s"
},
{
"title": "Ralph Baer and Al Alcorn Play Ping-Pong Video Game - 2008",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqyDmSobC54",
"text": "Length: 2 min 09 s"
}
],
"comments": [
{
"author": "Daniel (spain)",
"date": "Tuesday 9th February 2021",
"text": "In Spain, a clone machine was launched circa 1973. It uses switch rather than cartridges to swap the games."
},
{
"author": "Tom (USA)",
"date": "Wednesday 29th August 2007",
"text": "Just remember - Pong wasn't the first home video game. Magnavox Odyssey predated it by a year to the month. I worked part time in a Magnavox TV store at the time and we couldn't sell many Odysseys because people thought they had to have a Magnavox TV to use it! People had no previous experience with video games so their ignorance was excuseable."
},
{
"author": "Alex M. (Seattle, WA)",
"date": "Saturday 4th February 2006",
"text": "The oddysey *IS* a digital system. But rather than using a general purpose CPU it has dedicated game circuitry. The behavior of the ball, and paddles, and the existence of bounce zones, etc, are controlled directly by the cartridge pins. One pin is output of +5V to the cartridge. The rest are all inputs, and the cartridge asserts +5V on any of those inputs to activate a given behavior. So all a cartridge is is wires running from the one input pin to a certain set of outputs, that set varying by cartridge... it's really just a bunch of jumpers!<br/><br/>I am te proud owner of one of these, and when it failed on me, I took it apart and reverse-engineered it so I could figure out how to repait it. :)"
},
{
"author": "Chad C. (California, USA)",
"date": "Tuesday 24th May 2005",
"text": "SEARS &amp; ROEBUCK offered a simple home-entertainment-system back<br/><br/>in 1974-75 ? It was called: HOCKEY-JOCKARY from Telegames .<br/><br/> It feature some of the games Odyssey had; Practice, Tennis-for-Two,<br/>Jokary, and Hockey . Variants made a total of eight games to be played .<br/><br/>This game system did feature an onscreen player score count of up to 15 !<br/>A Digital Counter of Modulo-16 would be needed for this effect . .<br/><br/>So it might have been analog crktry, but it needed Digital Logic IC's !<br/><br/>Controls were very simple; Potentiometers in handheld dial-knob tubes .<br/>They only created an up or down motion control . .<br/><br/>It was Model# 362.997310"
},
{
"author": "Chad Castagana (California, USA)",
"date": "Tuesday 24th May 2005",
"text": "The first game of PONG, or 'Tennis For Two' (the first electronic<br/><br/> video game) was realized at Brookhaven Institute .<br/><br/> It utilized the laboratory's Giant Analog Computers<br/><br/> and Relay Logic to create a, on an Oscilloscope Screen,<br/><br/> a game of Tennis For Two(PONG) . .<br/><br/> The article from Old-Computers.com said that this game<br/><br/> console of Magnavox ODYSSEY had no c.p.u. , <br/><br/> does that mean it had not have digital logic chips ? <br/><br/> It had game cartridges ? Were they not ROM ?<br/><br/> If this was an analog system, then what were the <br/><br/> game cartridges made of ? Was the game system a<br/><br/> hybrid of digital ROM chips and analog video circuitry ?<br/><br/>Sincerely, Chad Castagana, USA"
},
{
"author": "Steeeeeeev (Atlanta, GA)",
"date": "Thursday 5th August 2004",
"text": "Groan.. I am OLD... My brothers and I had this when we were little... where did 30 years go? : )"
},
{
"author": "materia_chocomog (Canada)",
"date": "Sunday 29th June 2003",
"text": "Ahh, I remember this.<br/> When I was 8 my friend's mom had one. It was quite cool, although (even to this day) I thought the controllers were really weird.<br/> Funky games, though. Never turn down the chance to play it!!"
},
{
"author": "Elisha (male) (USA)",
"date": "Monday 9th June 2003",
"text": "I think this system is very cool because it is the first ever system...."
}
],
"oc_id": 883,
"source": {
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230613152926/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=883",
"date": "2023-06-13"
}
}
}
<p> The Magnavox Odyssey was the first home video game system, invented by Ralph Baer, who started work on it as early as 1967. It was then launched in 1972 at the end of which over 100,000 units were sold. <br/><br/> This system is very basic, having no CPU, score mechanism, colour or sound. In fact there were only 40 diodes and 40 transistors inside. Six cartridges could be used to play up to 12 games - sometimes the same cartridges being used more than once to play different games. The large number of game accessories that came with it allowed for different games to be played, with some games using the accessories as a main focus for the game instead of the console. Each game used a plastic transparent colour overlay which was to affixed to the TV set. The overlays compensated for the fact that the Odyssey could only produce a vertical line, a dot for the ball and 2 shorter lines (representing each player controller) on the screen. The overlays were meant to attach to the TV by use of static electricity and smoothed over by hand or a soft cloth, but the instruction manual said if this didn’t work one should use tape instead. It even suggested that you could trim them down to fit your TV set! <br/><br/> The controllers are in fact two largish block sized controllers with a round dial on either side. Twisting the dial on the left for horizontal movement, and the right for vertical movement. An `English’ dial on the left of each one controlled the `deflection ‘ of the ball. Ball speed could also be controlled. <br/><br/> Despite the basic nature of the games by today's standards, the system marked a crucial change in the way people used their TVs. In 1972 the marketing stated that the user could now actually `participate’ in television and not just be a spectator, with the system manual describing it as: `The exciting casino action of Monte Carlo, the thrills of Wimbledon, the challenge of ski trails – can be duplicated right in your own living room.’ <br/><br/> The games included tennis, ski, hockey, table tennis, simon says, analogic, states, cat and mouse, submarine, football, haunted house, roulette, invasion and shooting games (with the optional rifle that could be purchased separately). Most games were also played with cards, dices, paper money or game chips delivered with the system. <br/><br/> Odyssey’s cartridges contain no components: they are basically wirejumper sets. When plugging a cartridge into the console, internal diode logic circuits are interconnected in different ways to produce the desired result. As a matter of fact, the Odyssey contains everything to make a game based around a ball, one or two paddles representing the players, and a central or off-side vertical line which serves as a net or a wall. The cartridges act to connect some the machine’s diode logic circuitry to set the aspect and the position of the vertical line (normally centered for ping pong and tennis but located on the left or on the middle for handball and volleyball respectively, or not displayed at all for Chase games and gun games), and to determine the interaction between the ball and the other graphic objects: bounce or erase either a player or a ball spot when there is a collision with a player or the central line (a player could even be erased after a collision with the ball). <br/><br/> ________ <br/><br/> Text and info from Abi Waddell &amp; David Winter. <br/><br/> </p>
content/museum/magnavox-odyssey.md
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---
title: MAGNAVOX Odyssey
categories:
- Consoles
origins:
- U.S.A.
years:
- '1972'
params:
name: Odyssey
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_1.jpg
logo: /media/museum/logos/magnavox_odyssey_logo.gif
company: /companies/magnavox
company_name: MAGNAVOX
specs:
- label: NAME
value: Odyssey
- label: MANUFACTURER
value: Magnavox
- label: ORIGIN
value: U.S.A.
- label: YEAR
value: '1972'
- label: END OF PRODUCTION
value: '1975'
- label: BUILT IN LANGUAGE
value: None (sort of), in fact all game games potential are built-in the system. Cartridges are all only there to cable the components and program the different games
- label: KEYBOARD
value: 2 largish block sized controllers with a round dial on either side.
- label: CPU
value: None
- label: COLORS
value: Black & white
- label: SOUND
value: None
- label: I/O PORTS
value: Cartridge slot
- label: BUILT IN MEDIA
value: Cartridges
- label: OS
value: '12'
- label: POWER SUPPLY
value: 6 x 'C' batteries. Optional external adaptor (9V, 40MA)
- label: PERIPHERALS
value: Optional rifle
- label: PRICE
value: $100 (USA, 1972)
tabs:
- photos
- adverts
- emulators
- links
- videos
- comments
photos:
- title: MAIN UNIT
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_3.jpg
- title: ODYSSEY
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_2.jpg
- title: FRONT
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_front.jpg
- title: TOP
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_top.jpg
- title: CONTROLLER
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_controller.jpg
- title: CONTROLLER
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_controller_2.jpg
- title: LOGO
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_logo_1.jpg
- title: CARTRIDGE
subtitle: ''
text: |-
Just simple contacts...
Thanks to [www.pong-story.com](http://www.pong-story.com) for this picture
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_cart-7.jpg
- title: SOME ACCESSORIES
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_accessories_1.jpg
- title: SCREEN OVERLAYS
subtitle: ''
text: Thanks to [www.pong-story.com](http://www.pong-story.com) for this picture
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_overlays.jpg
- title: SUITCASE
subtitle: ''
text: The Odyssey was sold in a suitcase or in a box with all its accessories.
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_valise_1.jpg
- title: IN BOX
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_in-box.jpg
- title: BOX
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_box_1.jpg
- title: DOCUMENTATION
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/magnavox_odyssey_doc.jpg
adverts:
- title: FRENCH ADVERT
subtitle: ''
text: Thanks to [www.pong-story.com](http://www.pong-story.com) for this picture
image: /media/museum/adverts/magnavox_odyssey_advert_1.jpg
- title: FRENCH PROMOTIONAL PICTURE
subtitle: ''
text: Thanks to [www.pong-story.com](http://www.pong-story.com) for this picture
image: /media/museum/adverts/magnavox_odyssey_promo-pic_1.jpg
- title: GERMAN PROMOTIONAL PICTURE
subtitle: ''
text: Thanks to [www.pong-story.com](http://www.pong-story.com) for this picture
image: /media/museum/adverts/magnavox_odyssey_promo-pic_2.jpg
emulators:
- title: OdyEmu
url: http://www.pong-story.com/odyemu.htm
platform: MS DOS
text: This is the only emulator available, brought to you by Paul Robson & David Winter
links:
- title: Odyssey FAQ
url: http://www.pong-story.com/o1faq.txt
text: Useful file now maintained by David Winter
- title: Online Odyssey Museum
url: http://www.magnavox-odyssey.com/
text: Very complete site dedicated to the Odyssey
- title: Pong-Story.com
url: http://www.pong-story.com/odyssey.htm
text: David has put up the most complete page on the net about the Odyssey. Worth a visit.
videos:
- title: Magnavox Odyssey TV Commercial - February 1973
url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2EIsnr_cv4
text: 'Length: 29 s'
- title: Ralph Baer and Bill Harrison Play Ping-Pong Video Game, 1969
url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LsRGUODHlQ
text: 'Length: 2 min 43 s'
- title: History of the Odyssey
url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEVoqQ--_xM
text: 'Length: 6 min 10 s'
- title: 'Magnavox Odyssey: unreleased Round Ball demo - Winter & Baer'
url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVrYV4Q7l3s
text: 'Length: 6 min 32 s'
- title: Ralph Baer and Al Alcorn Play Ping-Pong Video Game - 2008
url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqyDmSobC54
text: 'Length: 2 min 09 s'
comments:
- author: Daniel (spain)
date: Tuesday 9th February 2021
text: In Spain, a clone machine was launched circa 1973. It uses switch rather than cartridges to swap the games.
- author: Tom (USA)
date: Wednesday 29th August 2007
text: Just remember - Pong wasn't the first home video game. Magnavox Odyssey predated it by a year to the month. I worked part time in a Magnavox TV store at the time and we couldn't sell many Odysseys because people thought they had to have a Magnavox TV to use it! People had no previous experience with video games so their ignorance was excuseable.
- author: Alex M. (Seattle, WA)
date: Saturday 4th February 2006
text: |-
The oddysey \*IS\* a digital system. But rather than using a general purpose CPU it has dedicated game circuitry. The behavior of the ball, and paddles, and the existence of bounce zones, etc, are controlled directly by the cartridge pins. One pin is output of +5V to the cartridge. The rest are all inputs, and the cartridge asserts +5V on any of those inputs to activate a given behavior. So all a cartridge is is wires running from the one input pin to a certain set of outputs, that set varying by cartridge... it's really just a bunch of jumpers!
I am te proud owner of one of these, and when it failed on me, I took it apart and reverse-engineered it so I could figure out how to repait it. :)
- author: Chad C. (California, USA)
date: Tuesday 24th May 2005
text: |-
SEARS & ROEBUCK offered a simple home-entertainment-system back
in 1974-75 ? It was called: HOCKEY-JOCKARY from Telegames .
It feature some of the games Odyssey had; Practice, Tennis-for-Two,\
Jokary, and Hockey . Variants made a total of eight games to be played .
This game system did feature an onscreen player score count of up to 15 !\
A Digital Counter of Modulo-16 would be needed for this effect . .
So it might have been analog crktry, but it needed Digital Logic IC's !
Controls were very simple; Potentiometers in handheld dial-knob tubes .\
They only created an up or down motion control . .
It was Model# 362.997310
- author: Chad Castagana (California, USA)
date: Tuesday 24th May 2005
text: |-
The first game of PONG, or 'Tennis For Two' (the first electronic
video game) was realized at Brookhaven Institute .
It utilized the laboratory's Giant Analog Computers
and Relay Logic to create a, on an Oscilloscope Screen,
a game of Tennis For Two(PONG) . .
The article from Old-Computers.com said that this game
console of Magnavox ODYSSEY had no c.p.u. ,
does that mean it had not have digital logic chips ?
It had game cartridges ? Were they not ROM ?
If this was an analog system, then what were the
game cartridges made of ? Was the game system a
hybrid of digital ROM chips and analog video circuitry ?
Sincerely, Chad Castagana, USA
- author: Steeeeeeev (Atlanta, GA)
date: Thursday 5th August 2004
text: 'Groan.. I am OLD... My brothers and I had this when we were little... where did 30 years go? : )'
- author: materia_chocomog (Canada)
date: Sunday 29th June 2003
text: |-
Ahh, I remember this.\
When I was 8 my friend's mom had one. It was quite cool, although (even to this day) I thought the controllers were really weird.\
Funky games, though. Never turn down the chance to play it!!
- author: Elisha (male) (USA)
date: Monday 9th June 2003
text: I think this system is very cool because it is the first ever system....
oc_id: 883
source:
url: https://web.archive.org/web/20230613152926/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=883
date: '2023-06-13'
---
The Magnavox Odyssey was the first home video game system, invented by Ralph Baer, who started work on it as early as 1967. It was then launched in 1972 at the end of which over 100,000 units were sold.
This system is very basic, having no CPU, score mechanism, colour or sound. In fact there were only 40 diodes and 40 transistors inside. Six cartridges could be used to play up to 12 games - sometimes the same cartridges being used more than once to play different games. The large number of game accessories that came with it allowed for different games to be played, with some games using the accessories as a main focus for the game instead of the console. Each game used a plastic transparent colour overlay which was to affixed to the TV set. The overlays compensated for the fact that the Odyssey could only produce a vertical line, a dot for the ball and 2 shorter lines (representing each player controller) on the screen. The overlays were meant to attach to the TV by use of static electricity and smoothed over by hand or a soft cloth, but the instruction manual said if this didn’t work one should use tape instead. It even suggested that you could trim them down to fit your TV set!
The controllers are in fact two largish block sized controllers with a round dial on either side. Twisting the dial on the left for horizontal movement, and the right for vertical movement. An \`English’ dial on the left of each one controlled the \`deflection ‘ of the ball. Ball speed could also be controlled.
Despite the basic nature of the games by today's standards, the system marked a crucial change in the way people used their TVs. In 1972 the marketing stated that the user could now actually \`participate’ in television and not just be a spectator, with the system manual describing it as: \`The exciting casino action of Monte Carlo, the thrills of Wimbledon, the challenge of ski trails – can be duplicated right in your own living room.’
The games included tennis, ski, hockey, table tennis, simon says, analogic, states, cat and mouse, submarine, football, haunted house, roulette, invasion and shooting games (with the optional rifle that could be purchased separately). Most games were also played with cards, dices, paper money or game chips delivered with the system.
Odyssey’s cartridges contain no components: they are basically wirejumper sets. When plugging a cartridge into the console, internal diode logic circuits are interconnected in different ways to produce the desired result. As a matter of fact, the Odyssey contains everything to make a game based around a ball, one or two paddles representing the players, and a central or off-side vertical line which serves as a net or a wall. The cartridges act to connect some the machine’s diode logic circuitry to set the aspect and the position of the vertical line (normally centered for ping pong and tennis but located on the left or on the middle for handball and volleyball respectively, or not displayed at all for Chase games and gun games), and to determine the interaction between the ball and the other graphic objects: bounce or erase either a player or a ball spot when there is a collision with a player or the central line (a player could even be erased after a collision with the ball).
---
Text and info from Abi Waddell & David Winter.
content/museum/nec-pc-6601.html
-172
View File
@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
{
"title": "NEC PC 6601",
"categories": [
"Computers"
],
"types": [
"Home Computer"
],
"origins": [
"Japan"
],
"years": [
"1985"
],
"cpus": [
"ìPD780C-1"
],
"params": {
"name": "PC 6601",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/nec_pc6601_1.jpg",
"company": "/companies/nec",
"company_name": "NEC",
"specs": [
[
"NAME",
"PC 6601"
],
[
"MANUFACTURER",
"NEC"
],
[
"TYPE",
"Home Computer"
],
[
"ORIGIN",
"Japan"
],
[
"YEAR",
"1985"
],
[
"BUILT IN LANGUAGE",
"N66 Basic + machine language monitor"
],
[
"KEYBOARD",
"Full-stroke keyboard, JIS standard layout, 5 function keys"
],
[
"CPU",
"ìPD780C-1 (Z80A compatible)"
],
[
"SPEED",
"4 Mhz"
],
[
"CO-PROCESSOR",
"ìPD8049 (8 Mhz)"
],
[
"RAM",
"64 KB + 1KB (loppy disk interface)"
],
[
"VRAM",
"50 KB ?"
],
[
"ROM",
"32 KB (Basic + machine language monitor) + 32 KB (chinese characters) + 16 KB (voice data) + 16 KB"
],
[
"TEXT MODES",
"40 x 20"
],
[
"GRAPHIC MODES",
"80 x 40 (15 colors), 160 x 200 (15 colors), 320 x 200 (4 colors)"
],
[
"COLORS",
"15"
],
[
"SOUND",
"3 voices, 8 octaves (AY-3-8910)<br/>optional speech synthesizer"
],
[
"SIZE / WEIGHT",
"365 (W) ×380 (D) ×113 (H) mm / 4.5 Kg"
],
[
"I/O PORTS",
"Tape interface (600/1200 baud), RGB video output, composite video output, RF TV output, parallel interface, optional RS-232c interface"
],
[
"BUILT IN MEDIA",
"One or two 3.5'' floppy disk drive (SS/DD 143 KB)"
],
[
"POWER SUPPLY",
"PSU built-in"
],
[
"PERIPHERALS",
"Grpahics tablet, speech synthesizer"
],
[
"PRICE",
"143 000 yen (Japan, 1985)"
]
],
"tabs": [
"photos",
"adverts",
"links",
"comments"
],
"photos": [
{
"title": "PC-6601",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/nec_pc6601_monitor.jpg"
},
{
"title": "REAR",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "",
"image": "/media/museum/photos/nec_pc6601_rear.jpg"
}
],
"adverts": [
{
"title": "JAPANESE ADVERT (1985)",
"subtitle": "",
"text": "<p>Thanks to <a href=\"http://www.pugly.juice.or.jp/pugly/oldpc/\">Pugly's web site</a> for this picture.</p>",
"image": "/media/museum/adverts/nec_pc6601_advert.jpg"
}
],
"links": [
{
"title": "Toragiku's Museum",
"url": "http://my.reset.jp/~toragiku/kopa/6601.htm",
"text": "Our info comes from this page. More interesting pictures there!"
}
],
"comments": [
{
"author": "MacDeath (France)",
"date": "Monday 28th February 2011",
"text": "As told concerning the PC 6001 MK II, this computer is quite similar to an Amstrad CPC... and Like the british CPC664 or CPC6128 is supplied with in-built diskDrive.<br/><br/>But on CPC it was the \"exotic\" 3\"inch diskdrive.<br/><br/>Would be fun to see if the two computers may actually be compatible provided some minor Hacks or emulation..."
},
{
"author": "stefo",
"date": "Friday 13rd August 2010",
"text": "This \"Basic N66\" is an enhancement of the Basic found in PC-6001 MK2 but is the same Basic that can be found on the PC-6001 MK2 SR (Basic N66 $ N66SR)"
}
],
"oc_id": 395,
"source": {
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230606195003/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=395",
"date": "2023-06-06"
}
}
}
<p> The PC-6601 is basicaly a PC-6001 MK2 with a built-in 3.5'' disk drive. The second optional disk drive could also be mounted. The N60m Basic od the PC-6001 MK2 has been enhanced to the N66 Basic. <br/><br/> The japanese adverts focused on the fact that this computer could sing with its optional speech synthesizer! <br/><br/> More info badly needed! <br/><br/> </p>
content/museum/nec-pc-6601.md
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---
title: NEC PC 6601
categories:
- Computers
types:
- Home Computer
origins:
- Japan
years:
- '1985'
cpus:
- ìPD780C-1
params:
name: PC 6601
image: /media/museum/photos/nec_pc6601_1.jpg
company: /companies/nec
company_name: NEC
specs:
- label: NAME
value: PC 6601
- label: MANUFACTURER
value: NEC
- label: TYPE
value: Home Computer
- label: ORIGIN
value: Japan
- label: YEAR
value: '1985'
- label: BUILT IN LANGUAGE
value: N66 Basic + machine language monitor
- label: KEYBOARD
value: Full-stroke keyboard, JIS standard layout, 5 function keys
- label: CPU
value: ìPD780C-1 (Z80A compatible)
- label: SPEED
value: 4 Mhz
- label: CO-PROCESSOR
value: ìPD8049 (8 Mhz)
- label: RAM
value: 64 KB + 1KB (loppy disk interface)
- label: VRAM
value: 50 KB ?
- label: ROM
value: 32 KB (Basic + machine language monitor) + 32 KB (chinese characters) + 16 KB (voice data) + 16 KB
- label: TEXT MODES
value: 40 x 20
- label: GRAPHIC MODES
value: 80 x 40 (15 colors), 160 x 200 (15 colors), 320 x 200 (4 colors)
- label: COLORS
value: '15'
- label: SOUND
value: |-
3 voices, 8 octaves (AY-3-8910)\
optional speech synthesizer
- label: SIZE / WEIGHT
value: 365 (W) ×380 (D) ×113 (H) mm / 4.5 Kg
- label: I/O PORTS
value: Tape interface (600/1200 baud), RGB video output, composite video output, RF TV output, parallel interface, optional RS-232c interface
- label: BUILT IN MEDIA
value: One or two 3.5'' floppy disk drive (SS/DD 143 KB)
- label: POWER SUPPLY
value: PSU built-in
- label: PERIPHERALS
value: Grpahics tablet, speech synthesizer
- label: PRICE
value: 143 000 yen (Japan, 1985)
tabs:
- photos
- adverts
- links
- comments
photos:
- title: PC-6601
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/nec_pc6601_monitor.jpg
- title: REAR
subtitle: ''
text: ''
image: /media/museum/photos/nec_pc6601_rear.jpg
adverts:
- title: JAPANESE ADVERT (1985)
subtitle: ''
text: Thanks to [Pugly's web site](http://www.pugly.juice.or.jp/pugly/oldpc/) for this picture.
image: /media/museum/adverts/nec_pc6601_advert.jpg
links:
- title: Toragiku's Museum
url: http://my.reset.jp/~toragiku/kopa/6601.htm
text: Our info comes from this page. More interesting pictures there!
comments:
- author: MacDeath (France)
date: Monday 28th February 2011
text: |-
As told concerning the PC 6001 MK II, this computer is quite similar to an Amstrad CPC... and Like the british CPC664 or CPC6128 is supplied with in-built diskDrive.
But on CPC it was the "exotic" 3"inch diskdrive.
Would be fun to see if the two computers may actually be compatible provided some minor Hacks or emulation...
- author: stefo
date: Friday 13rd August 2010
text: This "Basic N66" is an enhancement of the Basic found in PC-6001 MK2 but is the same Basic that can be found on the PC-6001 MK2 SR (Basic N66 $ N66SR)
oc_id: 395
source:
url: https://web.archive.org/web/20230606195003/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=395
date: '2023-06-06'
---
The PC-6601 is basicaly a PC-6001 MK2 with a built-in 3.5'' disk drive. The second optional disk drive could also be mounted. The N60m Basic od the PC-6001 MK2 has been enhanced to the N66 Basic.
The japanese adverts focused on the fact that this computer could sing with its optional speech synthesizer!
More info badly needed!