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6,654 pages: 1,289 machines, 702 software, 460 companies, 64 history, 17 articles, 59 fun.
4,336 media files so far; references to files not downloaded yet are left out.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01YDRjtmAiNpo5mK5N3d7QwZ

content/museum/bull-micral-80-22.md

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+---
+title: Bull MICRAL 80/22
+categories:
+- Computers
+types:
+- Professional Computer
+origins:
+- France
+years:
+- '1980'
+cpus:
+- Zilog Z80
+params:
+  name: MICRAL 80/22
+  company: /companies/bull
+  company_name: Bull
+  specs:
+  - label: NAME
+    value: MICRAL 80/22
+  - label: MANUFACTURER
+    value: Bull
+  - label: TYPE
+    value: Professional Computer
+  - label: ORIGIN
+    value: France
+  - label: YEAR
+    value: '1980'
+  - label: END OF PRODUCTION
+    value: '1987'
+  - label: BUILT IN LANGUAGE
+    value: None
+  - label: KEYBOARD
+    value: Full-stroke 73 key with arrow keys
+  - label: CPU
+    value: Zilog Z80
+  - label: SPEED
+    value: 3 MHz
+  - label: RAM
+    value: 64 KB (up to 256 kb)
+  - label: ROM
+    value: 12 KB
+  - label: TEXT MODES
+    value: 80 chars. x 24 lines
+  - label: GRAPHIC MODES
+    value: Graphics capabilities (unknown resolution)
+  - label: COLORS
+    value: Monochrome (green & black)
+  - label: SOUND
+    value: Beeper into the video terminal
+  - label: SIZE / WEIGHT
+    value: Heavy !
+  - label: I/O PORTS
+    value: Serial, Parallel, Bull terminal, Lan
+  - label: BUILT IN MEDIA
+    value: 2 x 5.25'' single side 160 KB floppy disk drives (hard sector diskettes)
+  - label: OS
+    value: CP/M, Prologue
+  - label: POWER SUPPLY
+    value: Built-in power supply unit
+  - label: PERIPHERALS
+    value: 3 internal slots for expansion cards
+  - label: PRICE
+    value: 7081 (France, 1981)
+  tabs:
+  - photos
+  - adverts
+  - docs
+  photos:
+  - title: '''G'' VERSION'
+    subtitle: ''
+    text: |-
+      This model is labelled 'G' for Graphic features. However, for the moment, we know nothing about the technical differences between various 8020 series systems.
+
+      Special thanks to **Pierre Vallino** who donates us this computer
+    image: null
+  - title: RIGHT SIDE
+    subtitle: ''
+    text: ''
+    image: null
+  - title: BACK SIDE
+    subtitle: ''
+    text: |-
+      **(1)** Network connector\
+      **(2)** Parallel printer DB25 connector\
+      **(3)** Serial DB25 connector\
+      **(4)** Bull video terminal DB15 connector
+    image: null
+  - title: INSIDE
+    subtitle: ''
+    text: |-
+      **(1)** This version used a power supply unit with transformer and voltage regulators. R2E version used a switching power supply\
+      **(2)** 2 KB Video RAM chips (4 x 2114)\
+      **(3)** Expansion card slots\
+      **(4)** 64 KB RAM chips (8 x 4864)\
+      **(5)** Monitor ROM chip\
+      **(6)** Z80A microprocessor\
+      **(7)** Keyboard cable. To note that all the internal cables were 'luxurious' and expensive versions, and two to three times too long...\
+      **(8)** The programmable keyboard used its own microprocessor
+
+      The motherboard also included a timer-component that provided for maintenance information on how long the machine had been used.
+    image: null
+  adverts:
+  - title: PROMOTIONAL PICTURE
+    subtitle: ''
+    text: ''
+    image: null
+  - title: 'IN SCHOOLS #1'
+    subtitle: ''
+    text: ''
+    image: null
+  - title: 'IN SCHOOLS #2'
+    subtitle: ''
+    text: ''
+    image: null
+  - title: 'IN SCHOOLS #3'
+    subtitle: ''
+    text: ''
+    image: null
+  docs:
+  - title: BULL MICRAL 45/APM45 BIOS SETUP
+    url: '#'
+    cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/vide.gif
+    text: |-
+      **BULL MICRAL 45/APM45 BIOS SETUP**\
+      written by Bull
+
+       compiled/archived by Stuart McMillan\
+       type of document : ZIP\
+       size : 124 KB\
+       source : Old-computers
+  comments:
+  - author: hugo h (Argentina)
+    date: Monday 4th April 2011
+    text: Here in Argentina we had Bull computers, I used to service Questar/M, Micral 90 and Micral 60, I really miss the Micral 90, up to 8 terminals or 4 terminals and 4 printers attached 1024KB RAM, Cynthia hard Disks 10MB fixed, 10 MB removible, running over Prologue 90 and Bal programming, that was late 80´s early 90´s
+  - author: Richie (Canada)
+    date: Saturday 23rd October 2010
+    text: It was cute, but it got so slow so I got rid of it. Now I am sad. It was cute.
+  - author: wally (france)
+    date: Thursday 21st November 2002
+    text: |-
+      I got one honeywell bull micral 80 22 G\
+      It send to any museum\
+      see you
+  - author: Boris (Hk)
+    date: Friday 15th March 2002
+    text: |-
+      Actually mostly the screen were\
+      green on black. it was used to network\
+      a lan composed of one bull controling many thomson to7 - to8/70 to share data and educational apps.\
+      I remember running them has I had the key to the computer room
+  oc_id: 338
+  source:
+    url: https://web.archive.org/web/20221127083607/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=338
+    date: '2022-11-27'
+---
+
+In 1973, the french mini-computer company **R2E** build the first European mini-computer and called it "**MICRAL**". In 1979, CII-Honeywell-Bull (now Bull), bought this company and presented this Micral 80-22 under their logo.
+
+This was a very expensive french computer conceived for the French education market. The price was set ridiculously high since the company knew that the french government would be able to pay such a price !
+
+The basic operating system of this machine was **Prologue**, a multitasking, multiuser OS. It was commonly combined with the **BAL** programming language, a mix of BASIC and COBOL with powerful files management commands, made by R2E. Both Prologue and Bal were much more efficient and powerful than CP/M and later MS-DOS but sadly, they virtually never reached beyond the French borders.
+
+<table> <tr> <td></td> <td>We need more info about this computer ! If you designed, used, or have more info about this system, please send us pictures or anything you might find useful.</td> <td></td> </tr> </table>