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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01YDRjtmAiNpo5mK5N3d7QwZ

content/museum/ice-felix-m18-series.md

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+---
+title: Ice-Felix M18 series
+categories:
+- Computers
+types:
+- Professional Computer
+origins:
+- Romania
+years:
+- '1975'
+cpus:
+- East Européan version of the Intel 8080
+params:
+  name: M18 series
+  image: /media/museum/photos/icefelix_m18_system_s1.jpg
+  company: /companies/ice-felix
+  company_name: Ice-Felix
+  specs:
+  - label: NAME
+    value: M18 series
+  - label: MANUFACTURER
+    value: Ice-Felix
+  - label: TYPE
+    value: Professional Computer
+  - label: ORIGIN
+    value: Romania
+  - label: YEAR
+    value: '1975'
+  - label: END OF PRODUCTION
+    value: '1981'
+  - label: BUILT IN LANGUAGE
+    value: None
+  - label: KEYBOARD
+    value: Depending on the video terminal used
+  - label: CPU
+    value: East Européan version of the Intel 8080
+  - label: SPEED
+    value: Unknown
+  - label: RAM
+    value: 64 KB
+  - label: ROM
+    value: Unknown
+  - label: TEXT MODES
+    value: Depending on the video terminal used, mostly 80 x 25
+  - label: GRAPHIC MODES
+    value: None
+  - label: COLORS
+    value: Monochrome
+  - label: SOUND
+    value: Unknown
+  - label: I/O PORTS
+    value: Parallel and Seriel
+  - label: BUILT IN MEDIA
+    value: Magnetic tapes or punch cards
+  - label: OS
+    value: M18-ROS and enhanced versions, later CP/M
+  - label: PERIPHERALS
+    value: Serial printer, paper tape and card reader-puncher, magnetic tape drive,
+  - label: PRICE
+    value: Unknown
+  tabs:
+  - photos
+  photos:
+  - title: MAIN UNIT
+    subtitle: ''
+    text: The main unit rack holds the system bus ans all the interconnected modules.
+    image: /media/museum/photos/icefelix_m18_opened_s1.jpg
+  - title: BROCHURE
+    subtitle: ''
+    text: This picture seems to come from an ICE Felix brochure.
+    image: /media/museum/photos/icefelix_m18_brochure_s1.jpg
+  comments:
+  - author: iulian (bucuresti)
+    date: Saturday 20th March 2021
+    text: I have one and i will sell it on facebook retro tech.ro
+  - author: Cip Cip
+    date: Saturday 27th February 2021
+    text: I remember having such computers at the work from my grandfather.
+  - author: Costel Dumitru (Romania)
+    date: Monday 14th July 2008
+    text: |-
+      There were 2 floppy disks (8") labelled 0 and 1.\
+      Not A or B.
+  - author: js (nowhere)
+    date: Sunday 22nd July 2007
+    text: Wow, what a throwback; card readers/punches, teletypes, tape drives- these were all things they were trying to get rid of at the time. The system looks like something from the '60s!
+  - author: Manuel Wolfshant (bucharest, romania)
+    date: Friday 11th November 2005
+    text: M118 and late M18 models were using 8" floppy disks too
+  oc_id: 1021
+  source:
+    url: https://web.archive.org/web/20221127081650/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=1021
+    date: '2022-11-27'
+---
+
+The Felix M18 business computers family was composed of three members, the **M18**, **M18B** and **M118GS**. They were designed and manufactured in Romania between 1975 and 1981, using the Intel 8080 processor.
+
+The M18 series had a modular structure composed of master and slave modules, interconnected through a common bus. The MASTER-UCB module contained the 8080 microprocessor, an 8 KB EPROM memory, the 8224 clock circuit, the 8228 local bus command circuit and the 8259 interrupt circuit.
+
+An example of slave module was the printer / card puncher-reader port, wich didn't access the system's bus.
+
+The first M18 contained the URS-80.00 main unit and 4 cards (CPU, SYU, PF, EBUS) for EPROM and RAM memory, and the necessary interfaces to connect the following peripherals: console, paper tape reader/puncher, serial printer, punched cards reader, magnetic tape drive and magnetic casette drive.
+
+The Felix M18B had improved modules. The main UCB unit had the memory resources and the interrupts system on a single card. The 32 KB RAM module also was on a single card.
+
+The systems could run three base software packs:\
+1 - **M18-ROS**, Resident Operating System,\
+2 - **M18-TOS**, Operating system oriented on punched paper tapes and magnetic tapes,\
+3 - **SFDX18**, an enhanced version of the M18-ROS and M18-TOS wich contained a monitor (MON18 V1.3), the command interpretor, an I/O subsystem, a supervisor (editor, libraries, linker), and various languages: ASM80 macroassembler, PLM80, FORTRAN80, COBOL80, BASIC, PASCAL80.
+
+The CP/M OS was adapted later, as well as a cross-software pack (M18-CSP) allowing software to be written and simulated on the Felix C-256 family before being transferred to a M18 system through punch cards or magnetic tapes.
+
+The M18 series was manufactured in large series and also sold beyond Romania.\
+The Central Informatic research Institute of Romania (ICI) also wrote a succesful real-time OS for the M18, as well as an Ethernet-like local network called CAMELEON.
+
+Thanks to **Stefan Deli** from Romania for information and pictures.