website/content/museum/cray-research-t3d.md

title, categories, types, origins, years, cpus, params

title	categories	types	origins	years	cpus	params
Cray Research T3D	Computers	Professional Computer	U.S.A.	1993	32 to 2048 DEC Alpha RISC processors	name image company company_name specs forum_thread oc_id source T3D /media/museum/photos/cray_t3d_system_s1.jpg /companies/cray-research Cray Research label value NAME T3D label value MANUFACTURER Cray Research label value TYPE Professional Computer label value ORIGIN U.S.A. label value YEAR 1993 label value END OF PRODUCTION 1999 label value BUILT IN LANGUAGE None label value KEYBOARD Video terminal label value CPU 32 to 2048 DEC Alpha RISC processors label value SPEED 150 MHz (processors) 19.2 to 307.2 GFLOPS (global system) label value RAM 2 to 128 GB label value TEXT MODES Depending on the video terminal label value SIZE / WEIGHT 1.9 m² per cabinet (1 to 4 cabinets) label value I/O PORTS 2 to 32 I/O gateways - Peak I/O bandwidth: 12.8 Gbytes/s label value OS UNICOS MAX label value POWER SUPPLY PSU and cabinet cooled by computer coolant fluid (3M Fluorinert) label value PRICE Unknown 965 991 url date https://web.archive.org/web/20230529194852/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=991 2023-05-29

With the T3D, Cray research introduced a new generation of Massively Parallel Processor (MMP) super computers.

The T3D integrated from 32 to 2048 processing elements (PE's). Each PE was composed of a DEC 21064 RISC chip, also known as DEC Alpha, with its own memory area, memory controller, and prefetch queue.

The DEC Alpha contained a floating point unit, an integer unit, both with 32 64-bit registers, a 128-bit bidirectional bus, and both instruction and data caches.

The PE's were combined in nodes of 2 PE's running at 150 MHz, along with two to 64 megabytes of memory and a network switch. The nodes were connected in a 3-D torus network configuration.

Memory was physically distribued among the processors, but was globally addressable (any processor could address any memory location in the system.

The global peak performance of a T3D was from 19 (128 PE's) to 307 (2048 PE's) GigaFlops (billions floating-point operations per second).

The system ran UNICOS MAX, the Cray Research's operating system. Each processor ran a minimal microkernel to handle frequently used functions, interprocessor communication and memory management. Major programming language were C and Fortran compilers

The T3D was tightly coupled to a CRAY C90 or CRAY Y-MP host system through a high speed channel, making host's resources (I/O functionality, I/O subsystem, high-speed disks) directly available to the T3D.

The Cray T3D was replaced by the T3E, the first supercomputer to sustain one teraflop (1 trillion F.P. calculations per second).

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