website/content/museum/sinclair-zx-spectrum-3.md

title, categories, types, origins, years, cpus, params

title	categories	types	origins	years	cpus	params
Sinclair ZX SPECTRUM +3	Computers	Home Computer	United Kingdom	1987	Zilog Z80 A	name image company company_name specs tabs forum_thread photos adverts hardware screenshots emulators links docs related oc_id source ZX SPECTRUM +3 /media/museum/photos/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p3_1.jpg /companies/sinclair Sinclair label value NAME ZX SPECTRUM +3 label value MANUFACTURER Sinclair label value TYPE Home Computer label value ORIGIN United Kingdom label value YEAR 1987 label value BUILT IN LANGUAGE 48K Spectrum BASIC (compatibility mode) and 128K Spectrum ZX+3 BASIC, integrated with +3 DOS label value KEYBOARD Full-stroke keyboard, QWERTY, 58 keys, arrow keys\ TRUE VIDEO, INV VIDEO, DELETE, GRAPH, EXTEND MODE, EDIT, CAPS SHIFT (x2), CAPS LOCK, SYMB SHIFT (x2), BREAK label value CPU Zilog Z80 A label value SPEED 3.5469 MHz label value RAM 128 kb (8 x 16k pages) label value ROM 64 kb (4 x 16k pages) label value TEXT MODES 32 x 24 label value GRAPHIC MODES 256 x 192 label value COLORS 8 with two tones each (normal and bright) label value SOUND 3 channels, 8 octaves (Yamaha AY-3-8912) label value SIZE / WEIGHT 440 x 174 x 50 mm / 1,65 kg label value I/O PORTS UHF PAL TV port, Serial interface (RS232) port, Parallel Printer port (8 bit), Auxiliary interface port, RGB Monitor (and PERITEL TV) port, MIDI output port, Two Joystick ports, Audio Out/Cassette port, Second Disk Drive port, Expansion I/O port (full Z80 bus) label value BUILT IN MEDIA 3'' Hitachi Floppy Disk Drive, single sided (40 track, 9 sector, 512 bytes/sector), CP/M compatible structure\ Volatile RAM Drive label value OS +3DOS label value POWER SUPPLY External PSU (5V @ 2A, +12V @ 700mA, -12V @ 50mA)\ Same as Spectrum +2A/B PSU label value PRICE £249 (UK, 1987) photos adverts hardware software emulators links docs 232 title subtitle text image SPECTRUM +3 /media/museum/photos/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p3_2.jpg title subtitle text image TOP VIEW /media/museum/photos/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p3_above.jpg title subtitle text image FDD CLOSE-UP This is a 3'' disk-drive, just like the Amstrad CPC-664 and 6128. /media/museum/photos/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p3_disk_1.jpg title subtitle text image LEFT SIDE There are two joystick plugs (Sinclair Interface 2 standard) and a reset button. /media/museum/photos/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p3_side-l.jpg title subtitle text image RIGHT SIDE /media/museum/photos/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p3_side-r.jpg title subtitle text image RIGHT SIDE #2 /media/museum/photos/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p3_side-r_2.jpg title subtitle text image REAR VIEW From left to right : - External disk B bus\ - Printer bus\ - PSU (DIN plug)\ - Expansion I/O bus\ - RS232/MIDI out socket\ - AUXiliary socket\ - Video RGB out (DIN plug) - RF TV out - Tape/Sound output /media/museum/photos/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p3_rear_1.jpg title subtitle text image SPECTRUM +3 AND CPC-6128 Here we have a Sinclair Spectrum +3 next to an Amstrad CPC-6128. They look quite similar (shape, 3'' disk-drive, 2 joystick plugs on their left side). They are obviously related ! /media/museum/photos/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p3_cpc6128.jpg title subtitle text image INSIDE +3 #1 An Amstrad hardware design in a Sinclair case **(1)** Sound output jack plug\ **(2)** TV aerial UHF modulator\ **(3)** RGB output DIN plug\ **(4)** Quartz used to generate the internal clock frequency\ **(5)** AY-8910 Sound generator chip (3 voices, 8 octaves, white noise)\ **(6)** 2 x serial/Midi ports connectors\ **(7)** System and Basic interpreter ROM chips\ **(8)** Z80-A microprocessor (here a Mostec version)\ **(9)** External power supply unit DIN connector\ **(10)** ROM used by the F.D. controler chip (11)\ **(11)** Z80 FCD. Floppy disk controler of the Z80 family chips\ **(12)** Second 64 KB RAM bank (2 x 4464 chips)\ **(13)** Amstrad gate array specialized circuit in charge of various I/O: Joysticks, video, printer, serial ports, keyboard...\ **(14)** First 64 KB RAM bank\ **(15)** Keyboard connectors\ **(16)** Reset switch\ **(17)** 2 x joystick connectors /media/museum/photos/sinclair_spectrum%2B3_inside_1.jpg title subtitle text image INSIDE +3 #2 **(1)** Bus / Expansions connector\ **(2)** Parallel printer connector\ **(3)** "Issue 2 - Copyright Amstrad 1987"\ **(4)** Second external F.D. unit connector (could be an Amstrad CPC unit)\ **(5)** Internal 3" F.D. Drive /media/museum/photos/sinclair_spectrum%2B3_inside_2.jpg title subtitle text image BOX #1 /media/museum/photos/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p3_box_2.jpg title subtitle text image BOX #2 /media/museum/photos/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p3_box_1.jpg title subtitle text image UK ADVERT November 1987 Special Spectrum offers before christmas period. Packages including a Sinclair joystick and 6 games. Advert said:\ The new Sinclair ZX Spectrum+3 is a real hero because it helps you to be one.\ The fantastic 128K memory gives you the power to outsmart the most sophisticated ennemy...\ ...But the real hero is the person who buy it... /media/museum/pubs/sinclair_spectrumplus3_pub_1.jpg title subtitle text image PRINTER SOCKET User's doc says : "The +3 may be used with any Centronics compatible parallel printer. You will require the AMSOFT PL-1 printer interconnecting lead unless you are using an Amstrad DMP range of printers (!). Although there are only 34 terminations at the +3's printer socket, the pins are numbered 1..17 and 19..35 (with 18 and 36 non-existent) for equivalence with the Centronics socket on the printer itself. A serial printer should be connected to the RS232/MIDI socket at the back of the +3." /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p2_printer-socket_d.gif title subtitle text image DISK-B SOCKET User's doc says : "The AMSTRAD model FD-1 may be added to the +3 system as an additional disk drive. To connect the FD-1 to the +3, you will require the AMSOFT DL-2 disk interconnecting lead." /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p3_disk-b_d.jpg title subtitle text image RGB VIDEO OUT /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p_video-rgb_d.jpg title subtitle text image JOYSTICKS SOCKETS User's doc says : "*We recommand that you use the Sinclair SJS range of joysticks with the +3. Other types of joystick (eg. Atari) will not operate directly, as their connecting plugs are wired differently.* *There are two joysticks sockets at the left-hand side of the +3. In general, games use the JOYSTICK 1 socket.* *If a program offers you a choice of joystick types, then choose the INTERFACE 2 (or SINCLAIR) option, as the +3's joysticks circuitry is designed to work exactly like the INTERFACE 2.*" In fact, very quickly, Atari joysticks adapter leads were sold ! /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p_joysticks_d.jpg title subtitle text image TAPE / SOUND SOCKET User's doc says : "*A sound signal is available from the TAPE/SOUND socket at the back of the +3. This is a 3.5mm jack socket producing 200mV pk-pk at approximatively 5 Kohms impedance.* *A point to note is that the level of sound produced by the BEEP command is set to be the same as that of all three channels of PLAY running at the same time. In practice, this means that BEEP will sound quite a lot louder than PLAY (which may cause problems if sound levels are critical).*" /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p_tape-sound_d.jpg title subtitle text image RS232 SOCKET /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p_rs232_d.jpg title subtitle text image TAPE LEAD User documentation says : "Programs may be loaded from, or saved to tape instead of disk. To connect your cassette unit to the +3, you will require a suitable interconnecting lead, wired as above..." /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p2_tape-sound_d.jpg title subtitle text image MIDI SOCKET User's doc says: "*Although the +3's MIDI socket shares the same socket as the RS232, you will need a different lead for it. The lead should be connected into the "MIDI IN" socket on your synthesizer, drum machine, etc. There is no provision for the +3 to receive MIDI data - it can only act as a source. No setting up of the MIDI is necessary before use (except the inclusion of the Y parameter within the PLAY command to turn it on).*\ *Using the MIDI interface will not disturb the RS232's baud rate setting.*" /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p_midi_d.jpg title subtitle text image AUXILIARY INTERFACE User's doc says : "*The AUX (auxiliary interface) socket supports two input lines (pins 3 and 5) and two output lines (pins 2 and 4). The I/O lines are driven by 1488 and 1489 line driver chips which are, in turn, connected to the I/O lines of the AY-3-8912 (see the manufacturer's data sheet for this device). Basically, register 16 of the AY-3-8912 controls eight I/O lines; the bits are designated as above.* *Using software control loops, the I/O lines could be driven as a second RS232 port (in the same way as the RS232/MIDI socket is driven using bits 2, 3, 6 and 7). Alternatively, the I/O lines could be used to drive, for example, a robot or some other external device.*" /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p_aux_d.jpg title subtitle text image EXPANSION BUS User's doc says : "*The +3 can connect to a very wide range of peripherals via the EXPANSION I/O socket at the back of the machine. Although this socket is much the same as on the old-style Spectrum 48k, there is no guarantee that a device which can run correctly on a Spectrum 48k will run on a +3. You should, therefore, before you purchase any expansion device or add-on, verify that it will work with the +3, and not just with a 48k Spectrum.*" /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_zx-spectrum-p_expansion_d.jpg title subtitle text image DISCOVERY SYSTEM The Discovery system uses the new Sony 3.5'' diskette to save in full safety the programs and data of the Spectrum or Spectrum+. The diskette has a capacity of 180 KB and a second drive can be installed. The commands of the operating system are similar to those of Sinclair Microdrives. The case includes a power supply and various Spectrum expansion connectors. In short, a lot of hardware qualities, but an incomprehensible defect: the data transfer speed is slower than Microdrives, whereas a disk drive is able to be ten times faster than a tape reader. Discovery did not meet success, certainly for this reason, but also because of its high price, not compatible with the Spectrum's young users' purse. /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_fddiscovery_1.jpg title subtitle text image INSIDE DISCOVERY **(1)** Metallic case.\ **(2)** Centronics parallel printer connector.\ **(3)** Spectrum expansion connector.\ **(4)** Discovery to Spectrum connector.\ **(5)** EPROM memory chip holding drive management routines and OS commands.\ **(6)** Sony 3.5'' disc drive. A double side, single density version.\ **(7)** A strange location for the power transformer, under the disk drive and not protected against magnetic fields.\ **(8)** This empty socket receives a 2 Kb. RAM chip when a second disc drive is installed.\ **(9)** 6821 Circuit, in charge of disc drive control.\ **(10)** Each disc drive uses an internal RAM area to avoid using Spectrum RAM.\ **(11)** Atari standard joystick connector. /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_fddiscovery_ins.jpg title subtitle text image INSIDE WAFADRIVE **(1)** The Wafadrive unit includes two specially designed cartridge drives.\ **(2)** Each cartridge drive has its own motor and electronic control system.\ **(3)** The Wafadrive offers three expansion ports. Unfortunately, they are not compatible with the Spectrum ones and need special cables.\ **(4)** Centronics parallel printer connector.\ **(5)** Spectrum expansion connector for additional peripherals.\ **(6)** 8 Kb. EPROM holding operating system and Basic drives commands.\ **(7)** The Wafadrive is connected to the Spectrum expansion port. It also uses the computer's power supply.\ **(8)** Power Leds. /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_wafadrive_2.jpg title subtitle text image WAFADRIVE CARTRIDGE /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_wafadrive_3.jpg title subtitle text image CHEETAH JOYSTICK INTERFACE Thanks to Peter James for the picture /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_cheetahjoyinterf_1.jpg title subtitle text image KEMPSTON JOYSTICK INTERFACE Peter says:\ I'm not sure if this was the first joystick interface for the Spectrum but it defined a standard that was never displaced. Most games carried the words 'Kempston joystick compatible' Says it all really! They later revised the interface to offer 2 joystick connectors Thanks to Peter James for the picture /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_kempstonjoyinterf_1.jpg title subtitle text image DK'TRONICS SPEECH SYNTHESIZER /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_zx-spectrum_dktronics-speech_synth_1.jpg title subtitle text image MAGECO MONITOR It cost 75fr in january 85 (France). /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_dessas.jpg title subtitle text image VTR VOCAL SYNTHESIZER 470fr (France, january 85) /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_vocal.jpg title subtitle text image CURRAH SPEECH Vocal synthesizer Just type on the keys and the Spectrum "speaks" with two tones, high and low. There is also a sofware support. /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_vocal2.jpg title subtitle text image CHEETAH SPECDRUM About the Specdrum, Peter says:\ This was the most fun add-on I ever bought for the Spectrum. You had to connect it to a phono input on a stereo amp, load up the software and away you went. You could enter the rhythm in real time or step time and it had 8 sounds it could play at once. The sound was perfect and still sounds good today. They released some extra drum kit sounds to expand the Specdrum's sound library, Afro Kit and Electro Kit are the ones I remember and purchased. I don’t think any Spectrum should be without this Add-on, it rocks!! Price: About £30 around 85-86 Thanks to Peter James for the picture /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_specdrum_1.jpg title subtitle text image ALPHACOM 32 Alphacom 32 is the well-known and the cheaper printer for the Spectrum, offering exactly the same features as the ZX Printer : full Spectrum characters set, 32 char. / line and silver plated thermal paper. Alphacom 32 uses its own power supply. june 84 price : 181 -E- (France). /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_alphacom.jpg title subtitle text image FLOYD 40 Floyd 40, from the manufacturer Shiva Marketing, doesn't seem to be very reliable with its very thin plastic case and its wooden paper axis ! However Floyd features are better than Alphacom ones: use of white thermal paper more readable and less expensive, only one cable to connect it to the Spectrum (power and data) and better printing quality. Moreover, Floyd 40 has larger characters set and printing options : double height and width, text printing in the four directions and more advanced and accurate graphic abilities (5 x 7 dots head). On the other hand, the printing is rather slow and the print width doesn't exceed 8 cm. /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_floyd40_1.jpg title subtitle text image ZX-81 THERMAL PRINTER This is a small thermal printer (of very poor quality !). It can print all the graphical characters of the Spectrum and can print 9 lines of text per inch. It was possible to make a hard copy of the screen thanks to the "Copy" command. This tiny thermal printer can also be used with the ZX-Spectrum. /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_zx81_printer.jpg title subtitle text image ZX THERMAL PRINTER Box /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_zx81_zx-printer_box_1.jpg title subtitle text image ZX INTERFACE 1 This interface offers an RS232 connector, a Microdrive connector and a network socket to connect up to 64 Spectrums ! This marvel cost 895fr in june 84 (France). /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_intrfc1.jpg title subtitle text image MICRODRIVES Sinclair Microdrives for use with the ZX Interface 1. Up to 8 microdrives can be connected. Micro-tape Capacity: 80k\ Speed: 5k/s\ Average access time: 3,5s\ Integrated power supply (through computer)\ Micro-tape price: 79fr 940fr (June 84) /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_microdrive.jpg title subtitle text image INSIDE A MICRODRIVE **(1)** Tape driving roller.\ **(2)** Read/write magnetic head, basically the same as a standard tape recorder.\ **(3)** Read/write protection switch.\ **(4)** Cartridge housing.\ **(5)** Power led.\ **(6)** Extension connector allowing up to 8 microdrives to be serial connected. /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_insidemdv_1.jpg title subtitle text image INSIDE A MICRODRIVE CARTRIDGE The support used in the cartridge is a videotape of 2 mm in width, and 8 meters in length. The video support was chosen for its biggest mechanical resistance. In running mode, the full tape length is covered in about 7 seconds and the information is transferred at 6 Kb. per second (1.5 Kb./sec. for a standard cassette). The recording is made simultaneously on two parallel tracks with a density of 200 bytes per centimeter. The information is organized in sectors of 512 bytes. Any program can be stored or loaded in 15 sec. Maximum. Each cartridge can store up to 100 Kb, but only 85 - 90 are available for the user. /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_insidecartmdv_1.jpg title subtitle text image ZX INTERFACE 2 This interface offers 2 joystick plugs and 1 cartridge slot. It cost 351fr in june 84 (France). /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_intrfc2.jpg title subtitle text image CARTRIDGE Sinclair Cartridge for use with the ZX Interface 2. Very few cartridges were produced (less than 10). It cost 185fr in june 84 (France). /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum_cartridge.jpg title subtitle text image NUMERIC KEYPAD This numenic keypad can be used with the Spectrum +2 and Spectrum 128. Thanks to **www.zonadepruebas.com** /media/museum/hardware/sinclair_spectrum128_keypad_2.jpg title subtitle text image SPECTRUM +3 Boot-screen The Spectrum +3 introduces a new boot-up menu as the ROM as been re-written by Amstrad. Notice that the drives available are listed at the bottom of the screen (A: and B: for disk-drives, and M: for virtual RAM disk) : - LOADER to directly load a tape without typing any Basic instructions\ - +3 BASIC is the BASIC 128 with +3DOS integrated\ - CALCULATOR acts as a classic calculator mode\ - 48 BASIC is the old Spectrum Basic left here for compatibility /media/museum/software/sinclair_spectrum-p3_ss.gif title subtitle text image DAN DARE III /media/museum/software/dandare3.gif title subtitle text image DOUBLE DRAGON A bit messy... /media/museum/software/doubledragon.gif title subtitle text image DUN DARACH The guys are walking so smoothly /media/museum/software/dundarch.gif title subtitle text image ELITE The mythic space game ! The father of all other space-games such as Wing-Commander. /media/museum/software/elite.gif title subtitle text image FANTASY WORLD DIZZY One of the many games based on the egg-man Dizzy. /media/museum/software/fantasy-world-dizzy.gif title subtitle text image GAUNTLET Conversion of the classic arcade game /media/museum/software/gauntlet.gif title subtitle text image GUNFRIGHT 3D isometric western game. A must-have ! /media/museum/software/gunfright.gif title subtitle text image IKARI WARRIORS As good as Commando ! /media/museum/software/ikari-warriors.gif title subtitle text image IK+ International Karate + 3 players fight /media/museum/software/ikplus.gif title subtitle text image ALIEN 8 Excellent isometric game /media/museum/software/alien8.gif title subtitle text image ANT ATTACK Avoid the giant ants and save the girl in this 3D maze /media/museum/software/antattack.gif title subtitle text image ARC OF YESOD /media/museum/software/arcofyesod.gif title subtitle text image ATIC ATAC /media/museum/software/aticatac.gif title subtitle text image BACK TO SKOOL Skooldaze ? /media/museum/software/backtoskool.gif title subtitle text image BOMBJACK Classic game ! /media/museum/software/bombjack.gif title subtitle text image BRUCE LEE One of the best game ever /media/museum/software/brucelee.gif title subtitle text image CHASE HQ /media/museum/software/chasehq.gif title subtitle text image CHUCKIE EGG Who never played this ?? /media/museum/software/chuckie-egg.gif title subtitle text image COMMANDO Excellent conversion /media/museum/software/commando.gif title subtitle text image DAILEY'S THOMPSON DECATHLON The best olympic game on the Speccy /media/museum/software/dailey-thompson-decathlon.gif title url platform text EightyOne http://www.chuntey.com/eightyone/ Windows Excellent emulator emulating nearly all ZX computers (80, 81, Spectrums, Timex, etc.). As well as emulating the machines themselves, numerous addon cards are supported, including hi-res graphics, custom character sets, sound and colour cards. title url platform text GLECK HTTP://GLECK.EMUUNLIM.COM Windows Spectrum emulator. Runs on Windows 95 and up, and requires DirectX. Includes a debugger, and emulates also some Southamerican clones title url platform text RealSpectrum http://www.ramsoft.bbk.org/realspec.html Windows complete and innovative Spectrum emulator for DOS and Windows title url platform text Spectaculator http://WWW.SPECTACULATOR.COM/ Windows Spectaculator emulates the 16K/48K/128/+2/+2A Spectrums and some additional hardware. title url platform text SPIN http://www.worldofspectrum.org/emulators.html Windows Spectrum emulator running on any version of Windows from '95 onward up to and including XP title url platform text Warajavo http://www.void.jump.org/warajevo/ Windows an excellent bosnian emulator for PC compatibles by Zeljko Juric (DOS) title url platform text X128 http://www.void.jump.org/x128/ Windows Spectrum 48 / 128 / +2 / +3 Emulator title url platform text ZX-32 http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Bay/9932/ Windows Great Win32 Emulator. Very stable, very fast. title url platform text MacSpectacle http://little-bat.de/zxsp/download/mac_spectacle/manual.html Apple One of the most powerful Spectrum emulator title url platform text ZXSP http://little-bat.de/zxsp/download/zxsp_mac/zxsp_mac.html Apple Emulator for PowerMac title url platform text Ian's ZX Spectrum page http://www.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/users/ian.collier/Spectrum/ Unix / Linux the official page of xz80, the emulator for XWindows title url platform text xzx http://www.zx-spectrum.net/xzx/ Unix / Linux an other emulator for Linux computers title url platform text ASp http://www.greew.freeserve.co.uk/ASp.html Amiga OS title url platform text Spec128 http://members.tripod.com/~JoeKelleher/Spec128/ RISC OS Emulates a Spectrum 128 for the Acorn title url platform text HOB Java Spectrum emulator http://www.twinbee.org/hob/ Other platform Fascinate yourself for hours with this portable Java Spectrum Emulator. title url platform text Java On-Line Emulator http://www.zxspec.freeserve.co.uk/java.html Other platform Plays games on-line ! title url platform text PocketClive http://pocketclive.emuunlim.com/ Other platform Spectrum 48k and 128k emulator for PocketPC ! title url platform text QAOP http://wizard.ae.krakow.pl/~jb/qaop/ Other platform Qaop is a ZX Spectrum emulator Java applet title url platform text Sinclair Spectrum Emulator 1.1 http://www.palmtop.nl/ce/hpc_spectrum.html Other platform Handheld PCs and Palm-size PCs running Windows CE 2.0 or higher title url platform text TEZXAS http://tezxas.ticalc.org/ Other platform ZX Spectrum emulator for TI 89 and 92 calculators ! title url platform text ZX68 http://zx68.8k.com Other platform Emulator for various 68000 based machines. First version is released for PalmOS title url platform text FUSE http://fuse-emulator.sourceforge.net/ Multiplatform Fuse (the Free Unix Spectrum Emulator) is a ZX Spectrum emulator for Unix and MacOS X title url platform text SPEC http://WWW.METHEDRINE.DEMON.CO.UK/spec.html Multiplatform Spec is a Sinclair ZX Spectrum 48k emulator for the PC. There are two different versions, Spec (freeware for DOS) and SpecX (Shareware for Windows 95/98/NT4). title url text CRASH, the on-line edition http://www.crashonline.org.uk/ Site dedicated to the old well-known magazine title url text DOCUMENTATION http://www.madhippy.com/8-bit/index.php?machine=sinclair Classic 8-bit Computers / lot of on-line documentations for Sinclair computers. USEFUL ! title url text DOCUMENTATION http://www.worldofspectrum.org/documentation.html#manuals World of Spectrum's documentation page title url text Good Old Games http://speccy.altervista.org/ ZX games and screenshots title url text Las Spectrum y TK en el Uruguay http://WWW.Z80.UY.TC The story of the ZX Spectrum line and TK line in Uruguay, South America title url text Number Cruncher http://www.8bit-museum.de/ This german website has an excellent Sinclair section title url text Planet Sinclair http://www.nvg.ntnu.no/sinclair/ THE site to visit ! Everything you need. title url text Sinclair Nostalgia Products http://surf.to/zx Lot of speccy stuff here and long list of clones title url text Sinclair ZX Hardware Website http://www.xs4all.nl/~echorod/zx/index.htm Features designs to build your own Sinclair computer title url text Software Records on Vinyl http://www.kempa.com/blog/archives/000053.html These records contained computer programs as part of the audio. title url text Speccy.com.ar http://www.speccy.com.ar/ Argentine blog dedicated to the Spectrum title url text Speccyalista HTTP://WWW.SINCLAIR.HU Hungarian Sinclair page title url text Spectrum Screenshot Heaven http://members.tripod.com/ssh_web/ Excellent ! Plenty of speccy screenshots here. title url text Speecy.CZ http://www.speccy.cz/ Nice site with a lot of games, demos, maps, screenshots, cover arts, music, etc... title url text Steve's Spectrum Page http://ireland.iol.ie/~sjones/ Steve collects speccy games and accept requests title url text Tape Loader Home Page http://perso.club-internet.fr/jgibart/spectl/spectl.html Utility to transfer your zx tapes to the PC title url text The Incomplete Spectrum ROM Assembly http://www.wearmouth.demon.co.uk/ Spectrum ROM assembly text file. Very useful if you want to create your version of the Spectrum Operating System title url text The Ocean Experience http://www.theoceanexperience.cjb.net/ A look into one of the biggest games developers of the 80's and 90's title url text The Tipshop http://www.the-tipshop.co.uk/ A central archive for all Spectrum and SAM games hints, tips, cheats, maps, hacks and pokes. Impressive! title url text The World of ZX-Spectrum http://www.worldofspectrum.org/ This is it. The site you MUST visit first :-) title url text Virtual TR-DOS HTTP://ZX.DA.RU Belarussian ZX-soft archive (in Russian) title url text Your Sinclair, a celebration http://www.yoursinclair.co.uk/ Tribute to one of the best Spectrum dedicated magazine title url text z00m's Speccy corner http://zoom.czweb.org/ DOCUMENTATION, PICTURES, emulators, AY CHIP title url text ZX Download page http://zxfiles.hut2.ru/ The very best of new ZX Spectrum games both Europe and ex-USSR title url text ZX Forever http://www.zx-f.ru/ Full with new Russian ZX Spectrum games (lots of them are in English language) title url text ZX Spectrum Games after 1993 http://tarjan.uw.hu/zx_gamez_after_93_en.htm Nice article referencing ZX Spectrum games released after 1993! title url text ZX Spectrum in the 21st Century http://tarjan.uw.hu/zxclones_en.htm Nice info about a lot of ZX Spectrum clones and hardware title url text ZXSPECTICLE http://www.worldofspectrum.org/zxspecticle/ News, Reviews, Interviews and the A to Z top ten games title url text Web Wiz CAPTCHA http://www.webwizcaptcha.com Sinclair computers title url cover text ZX SPECTRUM BASIC PROGRAMMING http://www.1000bit.it/support/manuali/sinclair/zxspectrum/start.htm /media/museum/docs/couvs/sinclair_zx-specrtum_basic-programming.jpg [**ZX SPECTRUM BASIC PROGRAMMING**](http://www.1000bit.it/support/manuali/sinclair/zxspectrum/start.htm)written by Steven Vickers  compiled/archived by Chris Owen / Tiziano Garuti\  type of document : HTML\  source : [1000Bit](http://www.1000bit.net/) title url cover text ZX SPECTRUM INTRODUCTORY MANUAL http://www.worldofspectrum.org/ZXSpectrumIntroduction/ /media/museum/docs/couvs/sinclair_zx_spectrum_introductory-manual.jpg [**ZX SPECTRUM INTRODUCTORY MANUAL**](http://www.worldofspectrum.org/ZXSpectrumIntroduction/)written by Steven Vickers and Robin Bradbeer  compiled/archived by Colin Woodcock\  type of document : HTML\  source : [www.worldofspectrum.org](http://www.worldofspectrum.org/faq/resources/documents.htm) title url cover text ZX SPECTRUM SERVICE MANUAL http://members.lycos.co.uk/eightbitula/48kinfo.html /media/museum/docs/couvs/sinclair_zx-specrtum_service-manual.jpg [**ZX SPECTRUM SERVICE MANUAL**](http://members.lycos.co.uk/eightbitula/48kinfo.html)written by Sinclair Research Limited  type of document : HTML\  source : [The Lil Old Sinclair Computer Technical Information Repository](http://members.lycos.co.uk/eightbitula/) /museum/czerweny-cz-2000 /museum/czerweny-spectrum /museum/czerweny-spectrum-plus /museum/elwro-800-junior /museum/sinclair-zx-spectrum /museum/sinclair-zx-spectrum-128 /museum/sinclair-zx-spectrum-2 /museum/sinclair-zx-spectrum-480 222 url date https://web.archive.org/web/20230522171923/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=222 2023-05-22

The Sinclair Spectrum +3 is the successor of the Spectrum +2, marketed one year earlier.

Just like the Spectrum+2 is a mix between the Spectrum 128 and the Amstrad CPC-464, the Spectrum +3 is a mix between the Spectrum 128 and the Amstrad CPC-6128. Indeed it has 3’’ disk-drive built-in the right-hand side of the case and a « real » full-stroke keyboard, just like the CPC-6128.

After the launch of the first Amstrad « Sinclair computer », the Spectrum +2, they redesigned the motherboard and the content of the ROMs to produce the Spectrum +2A/B and +3. They also made some internal changes on the bus and removed the keypad scanning routines of the Spectrum 128 and +2 (remember the keypad sold with the Spanish Spectrum 128k).

As on the Spectrum +2, two BASIC versions are implemented : the 48k BASIC to remain compatible with the original Sinclair Spectrum, and the 128k BASIC which was already introduced with the Spectrum 128.

As with the others 128k models, and due to the limitations of the Z80 CPU which can only address 65536 bytes, the 128kb RAM is not directly usable (unless with bank-switching routines), but can be used as a RAM disk (drive M :).

So, the big change is the built-in 3’’ disk drive, exactly the same as the CPC-6128’s drive. The operating system is called +3DOS and was developed by Locomotive Software Ltd who also conceived the CPC Basics and OS. So, of course, the +3DOS is very close to the CPCs disk operating system. The Amstrad FD-1 external drive can even be used with the Spectrum +3 as a second disk drive by connecting it directly to "DISK B PORT" at the back of the system.

The Spectrum +3 is considered the ultimate Spectrum model, gathering all the good points of the previous spectrum machines : 128k, convenient full-stroke keyboard, 3’’ built-in disk drive, 128k Basic, RAM disk, many interfaces... But sadly it was launched too late, at a time where the ST and the Amiga were already fighting on the shelves. It was the last official Sinclair Spectrum model ever made. The +2A and +2B models vere launched a little later, but were just a revision of the +2 model already marketed.