yann64andClaude Opus 5.5
b274874139
1,289 discussions, 9,527 archived comments; pages no longer carry the comments themselves. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01YDRjtmAiNpo5mK5N3d7QwZ
124 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
124 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: National Semiconductor Introkit
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categories:
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- Computers
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types:
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- Home Computer
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origins:
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- U.S.A.
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years:
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- '1976'
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cpus:
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- SC
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params:
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name: Introkit
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image: /media/museum/photos/ns_introkit_system_s1.jpg
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company: /companies/national-semiconductor
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company_name: National Semiconductor
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specs:
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- label: NAME
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value: Introkit
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- label: MANUFACTURER
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value: National Semiconductor
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- label: TYPE
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value: Home Computer
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- label: ORIGIN
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value: U.S.A.
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- label: YEAR
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value: '1976'
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- label: BUILT IN LANGUAGE
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value: Hexadecimal monitor
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- label: KEYBOARD
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value: 20 keys, 16 Hexadecimal key and 4 command keys
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- label: CPU
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value: SC/MP (ISP-8A/500D)
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- label: SPEED
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value: 1 MHz
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- label: RAM
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value: 256 bytes
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- label: ROM
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value: 512 bytes
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- label: TEXT MODES
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value: 6-digit 7-segment LED calculator display
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- label: SIZE / WEIGHT
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value: 10 (W) x 16 (H) cm (CPU card)
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- label: I/O PORTS
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value: 64-pin connector
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- label: BUILT IN MEDIA
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value: None
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- label: POWER SUPPLY
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value: +5V -12V PSU An built-in regulator provides -7V
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- label: PERIPHERALS
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value: Serial Teletype
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- label: PRICE
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value: Unknown
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tabs:
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- photos
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forum_thread: 1117
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photos:
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- title: INTROKIT
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subtitle: ''
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text: |-
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**(1)** 1 MHz quartz oscillator\
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**(2)** This regulator provides the -7V voltage needed by the CPU, from the -12V\
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**(3)** SC/MP microprocessor\
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**(4)** 256 bytes RAM chips (2x2101)\
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**(5)** 512 bytes ROM chip\
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**(6)** TTL chips used for the serial communication\
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**(7)** Display driver chips\
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**(8)** Keyboard/display connector\
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**(9)** 64-pin connector. In this version, only three power supply pins are connected.
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image: /media/museum/photos/ns_introkit_system_s2.jpg
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- title: RUNNING
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/photos/ns_introkit_running_s1.jpg
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- title: CPU CLOSE-UP
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/photos/ns_introkit_scmpcpu_s1.jpg
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- title: SOLDER SIDE
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subtitle: ''
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text: Note the wire-wrapped connections between the keyboard/display interface and the CPU pins.
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image: /media/museum/photos/ns_introkit_solderside_s1.jpg
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- title: TELETYPE
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subtitle: ''
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text: Thanks to Claude Paillard for this picture
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image: /media/museum/photos/introkit_teletype_1.jpg
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- title: TELETYPE DETAIL
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subtitle: ''
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text: Thanks to Claude Paillard for this picture
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image: /media/museum/photos/introkit_teletype_detail.jpg
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oc_id: 1147
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source:
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url: https://web.archive.org/web/20230515211644/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=1147
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date: '2023-05-15'
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---
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Launched in 1976, the Introkit appeared to be very popular. It was the first affordable all-in-one computer everyone could acquire to know a bit about computers.
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The basic version was really minimalist: one SC/MP (or "Scamp") microprocessor, one 512-byte ROM containing a monitor program and 256 bytes of RAM for user's programs.
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The system was designed to connect to a Teletype - the CPU had serial In and Out pins, but very few hobbyist could afford this massive and expensive equipment. N.S. thus released an optional display kit which was comprised of an add-on card that fitted onto the main board, and a modified calculator for keyboard and display. The machine also needed a dual voltage PSU
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Once everything soldered and wire-wrapped, the Introkit was a complete computer and an efficient learning tool. The novice programmer could enter, modify and run programs and thus learn all hardware and software basic concepts of any computing system.
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Several of these kits - and other SC/MP machines, were connected to larger computers thanks to the unique and advanced ability of the SC/MP CPU to completely share its system bus with other processors, and thus run smoothly in a multiprocessor environment.
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Chris Curry took the Introkit as a starting point to design the [MK-14](/museum/sinclair-mk-14/) training board, first Sinclair computer.
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**Ben Mullett** recalls:\
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I joined NSC Bedford in '77 when the SC/MP was the latest in micros, my first task was to get an Introkit working, with help from Dave Brown. I can still recall some of the Hex opcodes for this machine.... C4 was LDI or 'Load immediate'...
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The Introkit was indeed a TTY machine, with a modified NSC calculator case and keys forming the (extra cost) KBDkit and a patched ROM to scan the keys.
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The Introkit/KBDkit to MK14 development liaison to Science of Cambridge was Tony Amendt, another National Semiconductor Field Applications Engineer.
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He helped me get an MK14 running - allegedly the first kit made - since I was fortunate to be given the task of checking out the kit and instructions. All that was missing were some pullup resistors on the bus. Ran well, but what a weird keyboard! Very Sinclair.....
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The SC/MP LCDS was the official development tool - 'Low Cost Development System' and there was a multiprocessing card demo for it that was quite impressive. Might even have that in my attic somewhere!
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The multiprocessing architecture reappeared on the Series 32000 (aka NS16000) micros that were used in the Sequent 'Balance' series of Unix machines a decade later.
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<table> <tr> <td></td> <td>We need more info about this computer ! If you designed, used, or have more info about this system, please send us pictures or anything you might find useful.</td> <td></td> </tr> </table>
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