yann64andClaude Opus 5.5
b274874139
1,289 discussions, 9,527 archived comments; pages no longer carry the comments themselves. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01YDRjtmAiNpo5mK5N3d7QwZ
446 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
446 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Acorn Computer Electron
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categories:
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- Computers
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types:
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- Home Computer
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origins:
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- United Kingdom
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years:
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- '1983'
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cpus:
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- MOS 6502A
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params:
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name: Electron
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image: /media/museum/photos/acorn_electron_system_s1.jpg
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company: /companies/acorn-computer
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company_name: Acorn Computer
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specs:
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- label: NAME
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value: Electron
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- label: MANUFACTURER
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value: Acorn Computer
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- label: TYPE
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value: Home Computer
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- label: ORIGIN
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value: United Kingdom
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- label: YEAR
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value: July 1983
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- label: BUILT IN LANGUAGE
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value: Acorn Electron Basic + 6502 assembler
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- label: KEYBOARD
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value: |-
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QWERTY full-stroke keyboard, 56 keys, basic statements accessible through keys, 10 function keys (0...9 keys + FUNC)\
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ESCAPE, CAPS LK/FUNC, CTRL,BREAK,COPY,RETURN,DELETE,SHIFT (x2)
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- label: CPU
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value: MOS 6502A
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- label: SPEED
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value: 1 MHz
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- label: CO-PROCESSOR
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value: custom ULA
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- label: RAM
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value: 32 kb
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- label: ROM
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value: 32 kb
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- label: TEXT MODES
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value: 20 x 32, 40 x 25, 40 x 32, 80 x 25, 80 x 32
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- label: GRAPHIC MODES
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value: 160 x 256 (4 or 16 colors), 320 x 256 (2 or 4 colors), 640 x 256 (2 colors)
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- label: COLORS
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value: 8 colors + 8 flashing versions of the same colors
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- label: SOUND
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value: |-
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1 channel of sound + 1 channel of white sound, 7 octaves. In fact 3 virtual sound channels mapped to the single available physical channel.\
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Built-in speaker
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- label: SIZE / WEIGHT
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value: 16 x 34 x 6.5 cm
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- label: I/O PORTS
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value: Expansion port, Tape-recorder connector (1200 baud), aerial TV connector (RF modulator), RGB video output
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- label: POWER SUPPLY
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value: External PSU, 18v
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- label: PRICE
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value: |-
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£199 (UK, august 83)\
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2950 fr (France, february 84)
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tabs:
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- photos
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- adverts
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- hardware
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- software
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- emulators
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- links
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- docs
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forum_thread: 134
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photos:
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- title: THE BOX
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subtitle: ''
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text: Here you can see the box that the Electron shipped in. Please, take your time and look carefully at the stupid pictures!
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image: /media/museum/photos/acorn_electron_box.jpg
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- title: INSIDE
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subtitle: ''
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text: |-
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A very compact and beautifully laid out electronic board, thanks to the integration of a new ULA circuit as well as a very serious technical development.
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**(1)** 32 KB ROM chips holding the BBC BASIC interpreter. Later version would use only one ROM chip\
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**(2)** 6502A microprocessor\
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**(3)** 32 KB RAM chips (4 x 4164)\
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**(4)** ULA gate array custom chip in charge of video, memory and I/O management\
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**(5)** Power regulation card.
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image: /media/museum/photos/acorn_electron_inside_s2.jpg
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- title: ELECTRON DESIGNERS
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subtitle: ''
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text: Chris Curry (left) and Hermann Hauser. They also created the famous BBC BASIC. Chris Curry was a former engineer from Clive Sinclair's company.
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image: /media/museum/photos/acorn_electron_designers_s1.jpg
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adverts:
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- title: 'FRENCH AD #1 (1984)'
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subtitle: ''
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text: '"Electron, the personal micro which has talents of a pro"...'
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image: /media/museum/pubs/acorn_electron_pub_talent.jpg
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- title: 'FRENCH AD #2 (1984)'
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subtitle: ''
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text: '"Electron, software in profusion"'
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image: /media/museum/pubs/acorn_electron_pub_profusion.jpg
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- title: 'FRENCH AD #3 (1984)'
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subtitle: ''
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text: The guy on the right is "Sidney", a well known french break dancer back in 1984 !
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image: /media/museum/pubs/acorn_electron_pub_whaooo.jpg
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- title: PLUS3 ADVERT
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subtitle: ''
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text: |-
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Advert said:\
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The Plus 3 is a self contained disc interface and 3.5 single sized disc drive providing the user with over 300 Kbytes of storage and the new powerful advanced Disc Filing System (ADFS). ADFS provides easy to use facilities at the Basic level but also has features making it ideal for business use...\
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...A second expansion socket on the Plus 3 allows the connection of a further disc drive, this can be either 3.5 inch or 5.25 inch.
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Courtesy of **8bs.com**
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image: /media/museum/pubs/acorn_electron_plus3adv_1.jpg
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- title: IEEE INTERFACE ADVERT
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subtitle: ''
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text: |-
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Advert said:\
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The Acorn IEEE interface enables full implementation of the IEEE standard 488-1978. IEEE488 is also known, and is equivalent to IEC625-1 (in Europe), and GPIB or HP-IB (Hewlett Packard General Purpose Interface Bus)...\
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...The interface can support a network of up to 14 other IEEE-488 compatible devices. Devices can be interconnected in a star or linear fashion.
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Courtesy of **8bs.com**
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image: /media/museum/pubs/acorn_electron_ieeeadv_1.jpg
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- title: TAPE RECORDER ADVERT
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subtitle: ''
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text: Courtesy of **8bs.com**
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image: /media/museum/pubs/acorn_electron_taperecadv_1.jpg
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- title: 'ELECTRON USER MAG #1 (1985)'
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subtitle: ''
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text: |-
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The first issue of the official Electron magazine.
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Thanks to [The Electron Lives !](http://home.iae.nl/users/bverhoev/) for the picture.
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image: /media/museum/pubs/acorn_electron_electron-user_1.jpg
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- title: SOFTWARE CATALOGUE
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subtitle: ''
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text: AcornSoft software catalogue for the Electron
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image: /media/museum/pubs/acorn_electron_softcatalogue_1.jpg
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- title: UK ADVERT (JULY 1984)
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/pubs/acorn-electron_uk-pub_july-1984.jpg
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- title: GREEK ADVERT (MARCH 1985)
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: null
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hardware:
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- title: '''''COMPLETE'''' ELECTRON'
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subtitle: ''
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text: |-
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The Electron shown above has, as can be seen, been considerably expanded with a Jafa Mode 7 unit, Slogger RomBox, Acorn Plus 1, ACP Advanced Plus 4 and ABR (2 x Sideways RAM) expansions.
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Thanks to [Lionel Smith's Acorn Electron Pages](http://www.argonet.co.uk/users/lionels/CompNyb/TechStuff/8-Bit/Electron/Electron.html) for the picture.
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image: /media/museum/hardware/acorn_electron_complete_3.jpg
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- title: SWITCHED JOYSTICK INTERFACE
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subtitle: Made by FirstByte
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text: This plug in cartridge makes the Electron compatible with all "Atari-style" 9-pin joysticks.
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image: /media/museum/hardware/acorn_electron_firstbyte-joystick-interface_1.jpg
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- title: PLUS 1 INTERFACE
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subtitle: ''
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text: |-
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The Electron computer was conceived as a minimal and economical machine largely based on the BBC model B, a kind of cut down version in fact. Sadly, the lack of basic interfaces such as Centronics or Serial, effectively deterred a lot of potential buyers from buying the Electron, which dangerously slowed down the sales of the system.\
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Acorn’s answer was the 'Plus 1' interface, which offered a Parallel Centronics printer interface, analogue joystick connector and two cartridge slots. The extension connected to the expansion port of the Electron and screwed into the case, to lock in place. With the "Plus 1", the Electron could then offer a decent range of interfaces matching the flexibility of its competitors, while still preserving an attractive price along with its own unique qualities (excellent BASIC and good graphic capabilities).\
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Unfortunately, the "Plus 1" Interface was not enough to boost the sales in Europe.
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image: /media/museum/hardware/interf_plus1.jpg
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- title: INSIDE PLUS 1
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subtitle: ''
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text: |-
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**(1)** The AcornSoft company produced several programs on cartridges, mainly games\
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**(2)** Cartridge slots can also receive hardware expansions made by Acorn or other independent companies\
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**(3)** Expansion connector handling data transfers between the Electron and the expansion modules\
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(4) Parallel Centronics interface, compatible with a large range of printers\
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(5) This joystick connector is also a true analogue / digital port which can be connected to measuring instruments
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image: /media/museum/hardware/interf_plus1_e.jpg
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- title: '''PLUS 3'' INTERFACE'
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subtitle: ''
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text: |-
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A disk drive unit suited to the performance of the Electron was lacking to make it a coherent and successful system, able to face the competition.\
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The "Plus 3" interface cleverly fulfilled this need. L-shaped, it connected at the rear of the Electron, still allowing the addition of the "Plus 1" interface or any other expansion... The whole thing was firmly fixed to the case and could be moved without fear of damage.
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image: /media/museum/hardware/interf_plus3.jpg
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- title: INSIDE 'PLUS 3'
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subtitle: ''
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text: |-
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**(1)** The interface has ROMs holding an additional set of BASIC instructions for the operating system for file management. The electronic part also contains logical circuits acting as a disk-drive controller\
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**(2)** This connector allows connection of a second disk drive which can be of a different format to the first one. An adapter also permits use of this connector to control other peripherals\
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**(3)** The disk drive is 3.5". The storage capacity is 320 KB, single-sided. Each side is divided into 80 tracks composed of 16 sectors, which can hold 256 bytes each\
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**(4)** The interface clips firmly to the Electron, which allows the whole set to be carried safely\
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**(5/6)** The connector of the Electron also allows the transfer of information to other peripherals, such as the "Plus 1" interface.
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image: /media/museum/hardware/interf_plus3_e.jpg
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- title: '''PLUS 3'' O.S.'
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subtitle: ''
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text: |-
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The disk operating system of the Electron was called ADFS for "Advanced Disk Filing System".\
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It was a powerful and modern operating system, offering numerous capabilities usually only found on big systems : hierarchical directories, file access controls etc. It was delivered with a detailed user manual and a floppy disk containing numerous utilities and sample software.
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image: /media/museum/hardware/s_electron_display_plus3.jpg
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- title: VOLTMACE DELTA CONTROLLERS
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subtitle: ''
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text: 'Voltmace modified its Database videogame system controllers to be sold for micro-computers, mainly Acorn systems : BBC and Electron (with Plus-1 interface). As the keypad was of no use anymore, it was reduced to only 3 fire buttons.'
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image: /media/museum/hardware/voltmace_joysticks.jpg
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screenshots:
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- title: 9 GAME BOXES
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_9gamek7_1.jpg
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- title: 5 MORE GAME BOXES
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_5gamek7_s1.jpg
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- title: BALLISTYX
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_ballistix_ss.gif
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- title: BLAGGER
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_blagger_ss.gif
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- title: BOXER
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_boxer_ss.gif
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- title: CHUCKY EGG
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_chuckyegg_ss.gif
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- title: ALIEN DROP OUT
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_aliendropout_ss.gif
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- title: CYBERTRON
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_cybertron_ss.gif
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- title: FELIX
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_felix_ss.gif
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- title: CROAKER
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_croaker_ss.gif
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- title: DIAMOND MINE 2
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_diamondmine2_ss.gif
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- title: FRAK
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_frack_ss.gif
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- title: GALACTIC PATROL
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_galacticpatrol_ss.gif
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- title: ICON BUG EYES
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_iconbugeyes_ss.gif
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- title: METEORS
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_meteors_ss.gif
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- title: MISSION UNLIKELY
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_missionunlikely_ss.gif
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- title: OVERDRIVE
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_overdrive_ss.gif
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- title: PALACE OF MAGIC
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_palace-of-magic_ss.gif
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- title: PSYCASTRIA
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_psycastria_ss.gif
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- title: BARBARIAN II
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_barbarian2_ss.gif
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- title: BOOT SCREEN
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_boot_ss.gif
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- title: BUMBLEBEE
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_bumblebee_ss.gif
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- title: RUBBLE TROUBLE
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_rubbletrouble_ss.gif
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- title: SNAPPER
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_snapper_ss.gif
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- title: STAR WARS
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_starwares_ss.gif
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- title: SWAG
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_swag_ss.gif
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- title: WINTER OLYMPICS
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_winterolympics_ss.gif
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- title: YE AR KUNG-FU
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_yearkungfu_ss.gif
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- title: ARCADIANS
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_arcadians_ss.gif
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- title: AROUND THE WORLD
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subtitle: Title screen
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_aroundtheworld_t_ss.gif
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- title: AROUND THE WORLD
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_aroundtheworld_ss.gif
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- title: CRAZEE RIDER
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subtitle: Title screen
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_crazeerider_t_ss.gif
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- title: CRAZEE RIDER
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subtitle: ''
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_crazeerider_ss.gif
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- title: QUEST
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subtitle: Title screen
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text: ''
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image: /media/museum/software/acorn_electron_quest-t_ss.gif
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emulators:
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- title: The BBC Lives !
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url: http://www.nvg.org/bbc/emulators.php3
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platform: MS DOS
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text: This excellent site has a complete list of Acorn systems emulators
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- title: ElectrEm
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url: http://electrem.emuunlim.com/
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platform: Windows
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text: Electron Emulator for MSDOS, Windows & Linux
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- title: MESS
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url: http://www.mess.org
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platform: Multiplatform
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text: MESS also emulates the Acorn Electron
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links:
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- title: Acorn Electron World
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url: http://www.acornelectron.co.uk/
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text: Huge archives of discs, magazines, roms and documentation
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- title: Acornusers.org
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url: http://www.acornusers.org/
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text: The acornusers.org server hosts several Acorn web sites
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- title: comp.sys.acorn.games FAQ
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url: http://www.landfield.com/faqs/acorn/games/
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text: newsgroup FAQ
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- title: Derek's Online Computer Museum
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url: http://www.walkerworks.co.uk/Electron.html
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text: Derek has a nice detailed Electron page with a lot of info about addons, even some he made himself.
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- title: DOCUMENT
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url: http://members.aon.at/~musher/bbc/essentials.htm
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text: Electron user guide
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- title: Lionel's Acorn Electron Pages
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url: http://www.argonet.co.uk/users/lionels/CompNyb/TechStuff/8-Bit/Electron/Electron.html
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text: ''
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- title: RetroBBC
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url: http://www.strafom.force9.co.uk/bbc/Retrobbc/Index.htm
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text: Mainly a software archive. Cool !
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- title: The BBC and Master Computer Public Domain Library
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url: http://8bs.com/
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text: Lots of stuff to see and download
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- title: The BBC Lives!
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url: http://bbc.nvg.org/
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text: The net's largest site catering for enthusiasts of Acorn's range of 8-bit micros
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- title: The Electron Lives !
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url: http://www.walkerworks.co.uk/Electron.html
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text: Some downloadable games and a nice Electron User covert art page !
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- title: The Stairway to Hell
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url: http://www.stairwaytohell.com/
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text: Electron and BBC support. Excellent site with a lot of stuff !
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- title: The Unofficial Acorn Computer User WWW Server
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url: http://www.poppyfields.net/acorn/
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text: ''
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- title: Web Wiz CAPTCHA
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url: http://www.webwizcaptcha.com
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text: Programming of Acorn computers
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docs:
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- title: ACORN ELECTRON USER GUIDE
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url: null
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cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/acorn_electron_user-guide_2.jpg
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text: |-
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**ACORN ELECTRON USER GUIDE**\
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written by Acorn Computers Limited
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compiled/archived by Chris Richardson\
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type of document : PDF\
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source : www.old-computers.com
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- title: ACORN ELECTRON ADVANCED USER GUIDE
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url: http://members.aon.at/~musher/bbc/essentials.htm
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cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/acorn_electron_advanced-user-guide.jpg
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text: |-
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[**ACORN ELECTRON ADVANCED USER GUIDE**](http://members.aon.at/~musher/bbc/essentials.htm)written by Mark Holmes & Adrian Dickens
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compiled/archived by C.Richardson / Frank Lee\
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type of document : PDF\
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source : [BBC Micro Documentation Project](http://members.aon.at/~musher/bbc/)
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- title: DATABASE USER GUIDE
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url: null
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cover: /media/museum/docs/couvs/acorn_electron_database.jpg
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text: |-
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**DATABASE USER GUIDE**\
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written by Acorn Computers Limited
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compiled/archived by Gordon Dyer\
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type of document : ZIP\
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source : www.old-computers.com
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related:
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- /museum/acorn-computer-atom
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- /museum/acorn-computer-bbc-master
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- /museum/acorn-computer-bbc-master-aiv
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- /museum/acorn-computer-bbc-master-compact
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- /museum/acorn-computer-bbc-model-a-b-b
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oc_id: 121
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source:
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url: https://web.archive.org/web/20230525060822/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=121
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date: '2023-05-25'
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---
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The Acorn Electron is basically a cut-down version of the [Acorn BBC-B](/museum/acorn-computer-bbc-model-a-b-b/) with which it is partly compatible. After the success of the [BBC](/museum/acorn-computer-bbc-model-a-b-b/), Acorn and founder Chris Cury wanted a product to compete with "under £200" computers and especially with the [Sinclair Spectrum](/museum/sinclair-zx-spectrum/), its main threat. But sadly, Acorn failed to meet the demand for the new system, mainly because of production problems related to the large custom ULA at the heart of the Electron.
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The next year (1984), Acorn decided to anticipate all these problems and focused on producing the Electron in vast numbers. But unfortunately, public demand and enthusiasm were on the wane, and despite an extensive £4-million advertising campaign, a third of the Electrons that were built never made it to the shelves, leaving behind large stockpiles of components that had been paid for but were never used.
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Compared to the BBC and its flexible connectivity, the Electron was quite basic with only one expansion port to play around with. Fortunately, Acorn quickly released the Plus 1 expansion offering two ROM cartridge slots, a parallel / centronics interface and a joystick connector.
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The built-in Acorn Electron BASIC, largely derived from the famous BBC BASIC, was impressive with innovative features such as the ability to define real procedures with DEF PROC and ENDPROC, or the handling of error events (in 1983 !). There was even an OLD statement which would recover a program erased by NEW. A complete assembler language was also stored in the 32K ROM.
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The graphics capabilities were also quite impressive for a computer of this category. Text mode of up to 80 columns and a high resolution of up to 640 x 256 pixels with 2 colors. The custom ULA developed especially for the Electron handled the video display, sound and I/O communications! This was the real heart of the Electron.
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The mechanical keyboard was very good. BASIC statements were printed on most of the keys, allowing users to type them in one go. A small amber LED placed on the left part of the keyboard indicated if you were in lowercase or uppercase mode.
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Despite being more powerful than the ZX Spectrum, the Electron didn't sell well and suffered from a lack of certain software.
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